diff --git a/docs/reconstruction-coverage.md b/docs/reconstruction-coverage.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9912db92d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/reconstruction-coverage.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Reconstruction coverage
+
+`rea evaluate-reconstruction-coverage coverage.json --json` evaluates an inline
+coverage workspace and its selected `boundary_id`. MCP exposes the same input
+through `evaluate_reconstruction_coverage`. Results contain a status, reasons,
+recommended probes and Evidence references; the supplied bundle retains the
+complete records.
+
+Evidence IDs and bundle manifests must authenticate before evaluation. A valid
+record can still be insufficient proof: a passing verifier summary cannot
+promote inferred Evidence into a replay observation. That case returns
+`unknown`, while a missing or tampered record remains an input error.
+
+## Comparable verifier Evidence
+
+At least one record explicitly cited by the latest verifier observation must
+support the declared contract authority:
+
+| Contract authority  | Evidence source                           | Confidence              |
+| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
+| `shipped-artifact`  | `shipped-artifact`                        | `observed` or `derived` |
+| `controlled-replay` | `controlled-replay`                       | `observed`              |
+| `live-observation`  | `controlled-replay` or `external-service` | `observed`              |
+| `external`          | `external-service`                        | `observed`              |
+
+Contextual references can accompany qualifying proof. An unrelated observed
+record elsewhere in the bundle cannot repair a result that cites only
+inference. Older observed results cannot replace the newest weak result.
+Equivalent observations at the same instant can share qualifying proof from
+one of those observations; conflicting tied assessments remain unknown.
+
+## Package and integration proof
+
+Build, clean-install and runtime-routing claims require observed runtime
+Evidence (`controlled-replay` or `external-service`). Package-content and
+authority-independence audits can also use observed or derived
+`shipped-artifact` Evidence. Each proof must cite its qualifying records and
+cover the selected boundary's artifact digests. An inference alone establishes
+neither a passing nor a failed package workflow.
+
+The evaluator preserves Evidence provenance and returns an actionable unknown
+when qualification is unavailable. It does not change the cited records to
+make their authority match a caller's declaration.
diff --git a/docs/reconstruction-obligation-ledgers.md b/docs/reconstruction-obligation-ledgers.md
index ffb0b9999c..e3e4b6f0dd 100644
--- a/docs/reconstruction-obligation-ledgers.md
+++ b/docs/reconstruction-obligation-ledgers.md
@@ -323,3 +323,6 @@ disposition but does not silently count it as verified.
 The tool returns every obligation inline. Its `ledger_id` and `closure_digest`
 identify the complete result, including summaries, reports, ownership and
 dependency graphs, Evidence links, and limitations.
+
+For named boundaries with explicit verifier contracts and package-proof kinds,
+see [reconstruction coverage](reconstruction-coverage.md).
diff --git a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.fixture.ts b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.fixture.ts
index 2d1e37a19d..78d4b892be 100644
--- a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.fixture.ts
+++ b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.fixture.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ const EVIDENCE_RECORDS = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5"].map((character) =>
       operation: `fixture-${character}`,
       parameters: {},
       result: { character },
+      confidence: "observed",
+      authority:
+        character === "3" || character === "4"
+          ? "controlled-replay"
+          : "shipped-artifact",
     },
   ),
 );
diff --git a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.test.ts b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.test.ts
index 628ad67c10..9a3d8c2b2e 100644
--- a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.test.ts
+++ b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.test.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,29 @@ import {
 
 const digest = (character: string): string => character.repeat(64);
 
+it("preserves duplicate coverage owners instead of overwriting them in shared indexes", () => {
+  const workspace = completeReconstructionCoverageData();
+  const owner = workspace.owners[0];
+  if (owner === undefined) throw new Error("Expected fixture owner");
+  const result = evaluateReconstructionClosure(
+    {
+      ...workspace,
+      owners: [owner, owner],
+    },
+    "replacement.cli",
+    RECONSTRUCTION_COVERAGE_NOW,
+  );
+  expect(result).toMatchObject({
+    status: "partial",
+    reasons: expect.arrayContaining([
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        code: "owner-duplicate",
+        subject_id: "cli.help",
+      }),
+    ]),
+  });
+});
+
 describe("reconstruction coverage closure", () => {
   it("returns ready only when ownership, verification, package, and authority closure pass", () => {
     const workspace = completeReconstructionCoverageData();
diff --git a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.ts b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.ts
index 04913d4ae3..715d0c6ba9 100644
--- a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.ts
+++ b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ import {
   compositeKey,
 } from "./unicodeCodePointOrder.js";
 
-import { evidenceBundleSchema, parseEvidenceBundle } from "./evidenceBundle.js";
+import {
+  authenticateParsedEvidenceBundle,
+  evidenceBundleSchema,
+} from "./evidenceBundle.js";
+import type { Evidence } from "./evidence.js";
 import {
   evaluateReconstructionClaims,
   evaluateReconstructionPackageProofs,
@@ -188,13 +192,37 @@ export type ReconstructionVerifierContract = z.infer<
   typeof verifierContractSchema
 >;
 
+/** Owned coverage snapshot and its authenticated, unique lookup facts. */
+export interface ParsedReconstructionCoverage {
+  readonly coverage: ReconstructionCoverageData;
+  readonly evidenceById: ReadonlyMap<string, Evidence>;
+  readonly artifacts: ReadonlyMap<
+    string,
+    ReconstructionCoverageData["artifacts"][number]
+  >;
+  readonly surfaces: ReadonlyMap<
+    string,
+    ReconstructionCoverageData["surfaces"][number]
+  >;
+  readonly claims: ReadonlyMap<
+    string,
+    ReconstructionCoverageData["claims"][number]
+  >;
+  readonly ownersBySurface: ReadonlyMap<
+    string,
+    readonly ReconstructionCoverageData["owners"][number][]
+  >;
+}
+
 /** Parse inline coverage data and validate every evidence and authority link. */
 export const createReconstructionCoverageData = (
   input: unknown,
-): ReconstructionCoverageData => {
+): ReconstructionCoverageData => parseCoverageData(input).coverage;
+
+/** Retain authenticated Evidence facts alongside the validated coverage snapshot. */
+const parseCoverageData = (input: unknown): ParsedReconstructionCoverage => {
   const coverage = reconstructionCoverageDataSchema.parse(input);
-  validateCoverageReferences(coverage);
-  return coverage;
+  return { coverage, ...validateCoverageReferences(coverage) };
 };
 
 const closureReasonSchema = z.strictObject({
@@ -252,7 +280,6 @@ export type ReconstructionClosureResult = z.infer<
   typeof reconstructionClosureResultSchema
 >;
 
-type CoverageData = z.infer<typeof reconstructionCoverageDataSchema>;
 type ClosureReason = z.infer<typeof closureReasonSchema>;
 
 /** Build a verifier contract whose digest prevents retrospective coverage edits. */
@@ -272,15 +299,15 @@ export const evaluateReconstructionClosure = (
   boundaryId: string,
   nowEpochMs: number,
 ): ReconstructionClosureResult => {
-  const coverage = createReconstructionCoverageData(coverageInput);
-  const boundary = coverage.boundaries.find(
+  const parsed = parseCoverageData(coverageInput);
+  const boundary = parsed.coverage.boundaries.find(
     ({ boundary_id: id }) => id === boundaryId,
   );
   if (boundary === undefined)
     throw new TypeError(`Unknown reconstruction boundary: ${boundaryId}`);
   const nowInstant = offsetDateTimeInstantFromEpochMilliseconds(nowEpochMs);
   const context: ReconstructionEvaluationContext = {
-    coverage,
+    ...parsed,
     boundary,
     nowEpochMs,
     nowInstant,
@@ -306,21 +333,25 @@ export const evaluateReconstructionClosure = (
   });
 };
 
-const validateCoverageReferences = (workspace: CoverageData): void => {
-  const evidenceBundle = parseEvidenceBundle(workspace.evidence_bundle);
-  const evidenceIds = new Set(
-    evidenceBundle.records.map(({ evidence_id: id }) => id),
+const validateCoverageReferences = (
+  workspace: ReconstructionCoverageData,
+): Omit<ParsedReconstructionCoverage, "coverage"> => {
+  const evidenceBundle = authenticateParsedEvidenceBundle(
+    workspace.evidence_bundle,
+  );
+  const evidenceById = new Map(
+    evidenceBundle.records.map((record) => [record.evidence_id, record]),
   );
   const unknownIds = new Set(
     evidenceBundle.unknowns.map(({ unknown_id: id }) => id),
   );
-  const artifacts = assertUnique(workspace.artifacts, "artifact_id");
-  const surfaces = assertUnique(workspace.surfaces, "surface_id");
-  const claims = assertUnique(workspace.claims, "claim_id");
-  const contracts = assertUnique(workspace.verifier_contracts, "verifier_id");
-  assertUnique(workspace.contradictions, "contradiction_id");
-  assertUnique(workspace.package_proofs, "proof_id");
-  assertUnique(workspace.boundaries, "boundary_id");
+  const artifacts = indexUnique(workspace.artifacts, "artifact_id");
+  const surfaces = indexUnique(workspace.surfaces, "surface_id");
+  const claims = indexUnique(workspace.claims, "claim_id");
+  const contracts = indexUnique(workspace.verifier_contracts, "verifier_id");
+  indexUnique(workspace.contradictions, "contradiction_id");
+  indexUnique(workspace.package_proofs, "proof_id");
+  indexUnique(workspace.boundaries, "boundary_id");
   for (const contract of workspace.verifier_contracts) {
     const { contract_sha256: contractSha256, ...base } = contract;
     if (contractSha256 !== digest(verifierContractBaseSchema.parse(base)))
@@ -331,9 +362,17 @@ const validateCoverageReferences = (workspace: CoverageData): void => {
   for (const surface of workspace.surfaces)
     if (!artifacts.has(surface.artifact_id))
       throw new TypeError(`Surface artifact is missing: ${surface.surface_id}`);
-  for (const owner of workspace.owners)
+  const ownersBySurface = new Map<
+    string,
+    ReconstructionCoverageData["owners"][number][]
+  >();
+  for (const owner of workspace.owners) {
     if (!surfaces.has(owner.surface_id))
       throw new TypeError(`Owner surface is missing: ${owner.surface_id}`);
+    const owners = ownersBySurface.get(owner.surface_id);
+    if (owners === undefined) ownersBySurface.set(owner.surface_id, [owner]);
+    else owners.push(owner);
+  }
   for (const claim of workspace.claims)
     if (claim.surface_ids.some((id) => !surfaces.has(id)))
       throw new TypeError(`Claim surface is missing: ${claim.claim_id}`);
@@ -353,7 +392,7 @@ const validateCoverageReferences = (workspace: CoverageData): void => {
     ...workspace.package_proofs.flatMap(({ evidence_ids: ids }) => ids),
   ];
   const danglingEvidence = referencedEvidenceIds.find(
-    (id) => !evidenceIds.has(id),
+    (id) => !evidenceById.has(id),
   );
   if (danglingEvidence !== undefined)
     throw new TypeError(
@@ -366,16 +405,20 @@ const validateCoverageReferences = (workspace: CoverageData): void => {
     throw new TypeError(
       `Coverage workspace residual unknown is missing: ${danglingUnknown}`,
     );
+  return { evidenceById, artifacts, surfaces, claims, ownersBySurface };
 };
 
-const assertUnique = <Item extends Record<Key, string>, Key extends keyof Item>(
+const indexUnique = <Item extends Record<Key, string>, Key extends keyof Item>(
   items: readonly Item[],
   key: Key,
-): Set<string> => {
-  const values = items.map((item) => item[key]);
-  if (new Set(values).size !== values.length)
-    throw new TypeError(`Duplicate reconstruction coverage ${String(key)}`);
-  return new Set(values);
+): ReadonlyMap<string, Item> => {
+  const values = new Map<string, Item>();
+  for (const item of items) {
+    if (values.has(item[key]))
+      throw new TypeError(`Duplicate reconstruction coverage ${String(key)}`);
+    values.set(item[key], item);
+  }
+  return values;
 };
 
 const closureStatus = (
diff --git a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvaluation.ts b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvaluation.ts
index f8a56b261a..fb92ace929 100644
--- a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvaluation.ts
+++ b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvaluation.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@ import type {
   ReconstructionClosureResult,
   ReconstructionCoverageData,
   ReconstructionVerifierContract,
+  ParsedReconstructionCoverage,
 } from "./reconstructionCoverage.js";
+import {
+  packageProofHasComparableEvidence,
+  verifierHasComparableEvidence,
+} from "./reconstructionCoverageEvidence.js";
 import {
   compareOffsetDateTimeInstants,
   offsetDateTimeInstantFromEpochMilliseconds,
@@ -35,8 +40,7 @@ const probeOperation = (code: ClosureReason["code"]): string => {
 
 type Boundary = ReconstructionCoverageData["boundaries"][number];
 type ClosureReason = ReconstructionClosureResult["reasons"][number];
-export interface ReconstructionEvaluationContext {
-  readonly coverage: ReconstructionCoverageData;
+export interface ReconstructionEvaluationContext extends ParsedReconstructionCoverage {
   readonly boundary: Boundary;
   readonly nowEpochMs: number;
   readonly nowInstant: OffsetDateTimeInstant;
@@ -47,9 +51,8 @@ export interface ReconstructionEvaluationContext {
 export const evaluateReconstructionSurfaces = (
   context: ReconstructionEvaluationContext,
 ): void => {
-  const surfaces = indexUnique(context.coverage.surfaces, "surface_id");
   for (const surfaceId of context.boundary.required_surface_ids) {
-    const surface = surfaces.get(surfaceId);
+    const surface = context.surfaces.get(surfaceId);
     if (surface === undefined) {
       addReason(
         context,
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ export const evaluateReconstructionSurfaces = (
     }
     addEvidence(context, surface.evidence_ids);
     for (const dependencyId of surface.dependency_surface_ids)
-      if (!surfaces.has(dependencyId))
+      if (!context.surfaces.has(dependencyId))
         addReason(
           context,
           "dependency-surface-missing",
@@ -76,9 +79,7 @@ const evaluateOwner = (
   context: ReconstructionEvaluationContext,
   surfaceId: string,
 ): void => {
-  const owners = context.coverage.owners.filter(
-    ({ surface_id: id }) => id === surfaceId,
-  );
+  const owners = context.ownersBySurface.get(surfaceId) ?? [];
   if (owners.length === 0) {
     addReason(
       context,
@@ -150,10 +151,9 @@ const evaluateOwner = (
 export const evaluateReconstructionClaims = (
   context: ReconstructionEvaluationContext,
 ): void => {
-  const claims = indexUnique(context.coverage.claims, "claim_id");
-  const indexes = createVerifierIndexes(context.coverage);
+  const indexes = createVerifierIndexes(context);
   for (const claimId of context.boundary.required_claim_ids) {
-    const claim = claims.get(claimId);
+    const claim = context.claims.get(claimId);
     if (claim === undefined) {
       addReason(
         context,
@@ -214,8 +214,9 @@ interface VerifierIndexes {
 }
 
 const createVerifierIndexes = (
-  coverage: ReconstructionCoverageData,
+  context: ReconstructionEvaluationContext,
 ): VerifierIndexes => {
+  const { coverage } = context;
   const contractsByClaim = new Map<string, ReconstructionVerifierContract[]>();
   for (const contract of coverage.verifier_contracts)
     for (const claimId of new Set(contract.claim_ids)) {
@@ -224,16 +225,6 @@ const createVerifierIndexes = (
       contractsByClaim.set(claimId, contracts);
     }
 
-  const ownersBySurface = new Map<
-    string,
-    ReconstructionCoverageData["owners"][number][]
-  >();
-  for (const owner of coverage.owners) {
-    const owners = ownersBySurface.get(owner.surface_id) ?? [];
-    owners.push(owner);
-    ownersBySurface.set(owner.surface_id, owners);
-  }
-
   return {
     contractsByClaim,
     latestResultsByVerifier: latestVerifierObservationsByVerifier(
@@ -247,9 +238,9 @@ const createVerifierIndexes = (
         ownership.disposition === "implemented" ? [ownership.owner_sha256] : [],
       ),
     ),
-    surfaces: indexUnique(coverage.surfaces, "surface_id"),
-    artifacts: indexUnique(coverage.artifacts, "artifact_id"),
-    ownersBySurface,
+    surfaces: context.surfaces,
+    artifacts: context.artifacts,
+    ownersBySurface: context.ownersBySurface,
   };
 };
 
@@ -277,10 +268,9 @@ const evaluateVerifierResult = (
   );
   const latest = latestResults[0];
   if (latest === undefined) return;
-  const { result } = latest;
   if (
     !latestResults.every((candidate) =>
-      sameVerifierAssessment(result, candidate.result),
+      sameVerifierAssessment(latest.result, candidate.result),
     )
   ) {
     addReason(
@@ -291,7 +281,20 @@ const evaluateVerifierResult = (
     );
     return;
   }
-  if (!verifierResultIsCompatible(claim, contract, result, indexes)) {
+  const comparable = latestResults.find(({ result }) =>
+    verifierHasComparableEvidence(result, contract, context.evidenceById),
+  );
+  if (comparable === undefined) {
+    addReason(
+      context,
+      "verifier-result-incompatible",
+      claim.claim_id,
+      `Latest verifier observation has no cited Evidence with comparable ${contract.authority} authority and confidence.`,
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+  const { result } = comparable;
+  if (!verifierResultMatchesContract(claim, contract, result, indexes)) {
     addReason(
       context,
       "verifier-result-incompatible",
@@ -302,10 +305,10 @@ const evaluateVerifierResult = (
   }
   const cutoffEpochMs = context.nowEpochMs - contract.max_age_ms;
   if (
-    compareOffsetDateTimeInstants(latest.instant, context.nowInstant) > 0 ||
+    compareOffsetDateTimeInstants(comparable.instant, context.nowInstant) > 0 ||
     (cutoffEpochMs >= -Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER &&
       compareOffsetDateTimeInstants(
-        latest.instant,
+        comparable.instant,
         offsetDateTimeInstantFromEpochMilliseconds(cutoffEpochMs),
       ) < 0)
   ) {
@@ -333,7 +336,7 @@ const evaluateVerifierResult = (
     );
 };
 
-const verifierResultIsCompatible = (
+const verifierResultMatchesContract = (
   claim: ReconstructionCoverageData["claims"][number],
   contract: ReconstructionVerifierContract,
   result: ReconstructionCoverageData["verifier_results"][number],
@@ -415,20 +418,13 @@ export const evaluateReconstructionCoverageRisks = (
 export const evaluateReconstructionPackageProofs = (
   context: ReconstructionEvaluationContext,
 ): void => {
-  const surfaces = new Map(
-    context.coverage.surfaces.map((surface) => [surface.surface_id, surface]),
-  );
-  const artifacts = new Map(
-    context.coverage.artifacts.map((artifact) => [
-      artifact.artifact_id,
-      artifact,
-    ]),
-  );
   const requiredArtifactDigests = context.boundary.required_surface_ids.flatMap(
     (surfaceId) => {
-      const surface = surfaces.get(surfaceId);
+      const surface = context.surfaces.get(surfaceId);
       const artifact =
-        surface === undefined ? undefined : artifacts.get(surface.artifact_id);
+        surface === undefined
+          ? undefined
+          : context.artifacts.get(surface.artifact_id);
       return artifact === undefined ? [] : [artifact.artifact_sha256];
     },
   );
@@ -436,30 +432,42 @@ export const evaluateReconstructionPackageProofs = (
     const proofs = context.coverage.package_proofs.filter(
       (proof) => proof.kind === kind,
     );
+    const applicable = (
+      proof: ReconstructionCoverageData["package_proofs"][number],
+    ): boolean =>
+      requiredArtifactDigests.every((digest) =>
+        proof.artifact_sha256s.includes(digest),
+      ) && packageProofHasComparableEvidence(proof, context.evidenceById);
     const passing = proofs.find(
-      ({ artifact_sha256s: digests, status }) =>
-        status === "pass" &&
-        requiredArtifactDigests.every((digest) => digests.includes(digest)),
+      (proof) => proof.status === "pass" && applicable(proof),
     );
     if (passing !== undefined) {
       addEvidence(context, passing.evidence_ids);
       continue;
     }
-    if (proofs.some(({ status }) => status === "fail"))
+    const failing = proofs.find(
+      (proof) => proof.status === "fail" && applicable(proof),
+    );
+    if (failing !== undefined) {
+      addEvidence(context, failing.evidence_ids);
       addReason(
         context,
         "package-proof-failed",
         kind,
         "Required package or integration proof failed.",
       );
-    else if (proofs.length > 0)
+    } else if (proofs.length > 0) {
+      addEvidence(
+        context,
+        proofs.flatMap(({ evidence_ids }) => evidence_ids),
+      );
       addReason(
         context,
         "package-proof-unknown",
         kind,
-        "Required package or integration proof is not passing.",
+        "Required package or integration proof has no qualifying passing Evidence.",
       );
-    else
+    } else
       addReason(
         context,
         "package-proof-missing",
@@ -469,11 +477,6 @@ export const evaluateReconstructionPackageProofs = (
   }
 };
 
-const indexUnique = <Item extends Record<Key, string>, Key extends keyof Item>(
-  items: readonly Item[],
-  key: Key,
-): ReadonlyMap<string, Item> => new Map(items.map((item) => [item[key], item]));
-
 const addReason = (
   context: ReconstructionEvaluationContext,
   code: ClosureReason["code"],
diff --git a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvidence.test.ts b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvidence.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aea275a3d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvidence.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+import { expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { createEvidence, type Evidence } from "./evidence.js";
+import { createEvidenceBundle } from "./evidenceBundle.js";
+import {
+  completeReconstructionCoverageFixture,
+  RECONSTRUCTION_COVERAGE_NOW,
+} from "./reconstructionCoverage.fixture.js";
+import {
+  createReconstructionCoverageData,
+  createReconstructionVerifierContract,
+  evaluateReconstructionClosure,
+  type ReconstructionCoverageData,
+} from "./reconstructionCoverage.js";
+
+const proof = (
+  authority: Evidence["authority"],
+  confidence: Evidence["confidence"],
+) =>
+  createEvidence(
+    undefined,
+    { id: "proof-test", name: "Proof fixture", version: "1" },
+    {
+      operation: "verify",
+      parameters: {},
+      authority,
+      confidence,
+      result:
+        confidence === "observed" ||
+        (authority === "shipped-artifact" && confidence === "derived")
+          ? { status: "pass" }
+          : { status: "unknown", note: "No replay was performed" },
+    },
+  );
+
+const withProofs = (records: readonly Evidence[]) => {
+  const { workspace, result } = completeReconstructionCoverageFixture();
+  return createReconstructionCoverageData({
+    ...workspace,
+    evidence_bundle: createEvidenceBundle([
+      ...workspace.evidence_bundle.records,
+      ...records,
+    ]),
+    verifier_results: [
+      {
+        ...result,
+        evidence_ids: records.map(({ evidence_id }) => evidence_id),
+      },
+    ],
+  });
+};
+
+const withPackageProof = (
+  kind: ReconstructionCoverageData["package_proofs"][number]["kind"],
+  record: Evidence,
+  status: ReconstructionCoverageData["package_proofs"][number]["status"] = "pass",
+) => {
+  const { workspace } = completeReconstructionCoverageFixture();
+  return createReconstructionCoverageData({
+    ...workspace,
+    evidence_bundle: createEvidenceBundle([
+      ...workspace.evidence_bundle.records,
+      record,
+    ]),
+    package_proofs: [
+      {
+        proof_id: "selected",
+        kind,
+        status,
+        artifact_sha256s: ["1".repeat(64)],
+        evidence_ids: [record.evidence_id],
+      },
+    ],
+    boundaries: workspace.boundaries.map((boundary) => ({
+      ...boundary,
+      required_package_proof_kinds: [kind],
+    })),
+  });
+};
+
+const evaluate = (coverage: ReconstructionCoverageData) =>
+  evaluateReconstructionClosure(
+    coverage,
+    "replacement.cli",
+    RECONSTRUCTION_COVERAGE_NOW,
+  );
+
+it.each([
+  ["analyst-inference", "inferred"],
+  ["analyst-inference", "derived"],
+  ["analyst-inference", "observed"],
+  ["controlled-replay", "inferred"],
+  ["controlled-replay", "derived"],
+  ["shipped-artifact", "observed"],
+  ["external-service", "observed"],
+  ["historical-reference", "observed"],
+] as const)(
+  "does not promote %s/%s into observed controlled replay",
+  (authority, confidence) => {
+    const record = proof(authority, confidence);
+    const coverage = withProofs([record]);
+    const result = evaluate(coverage);
+    expect(result).toMatchObject({
+      status: "unknown",
+      reasons: [
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          code: "verifier-result-incompatible",
+          subject_id: "claim.cli.help",
+        }),
+      ],
+      evidence_ids: expect.arrayContaining([record.evidence_id]),
+      recommended_probes: [
+        expect.objectContaining({ operation: "run_reconstruction_verifier" }),
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(
+      coverage.evidence_bundle.records.find(
+        ({ evidence_id }) => evidence_id === record.evidence_id,
+      ),
+    ).toEqual(record);
+    expect(result.reasons[0]?.detail).toContain(
+      "controlled-replay authority and confidence",
+    );
+  },
+);
+
+it("accepts cited observed replay alongside contextual inference without borrowing uncited proof", () => {
+  const weak = proof("analyst-inference", "inferred");
+  const observed = proof("controlled-replay", "observed");
+  expect(evaluate(withProofs([weak, observed]))).toMatchObject({
+    status: "ready",
+    evidence_ids: expect.arrayContaining([
+      weak.evidence_id,
+      observed.evidence_id,
+    ]),
+  });
+  expect(evaluate(withProofs([weak])).status).toBe("unknown");
+});
+
+it("does not fall back to older observed proof when the latest result only cites inference", () => {
+  const record = proof("analyst-inference", "inferred");
+  const coverage = withProofs([record]);
+  const { result: previous } = completeReconstructionCoverageFixture();
+  const latest = coverage.verifier_results[0];
+  if (latest === undefined) throw new Error("Expected verifier result");
+  const result = evaluate(
+    createReconstructionCoverageData({
+      ...coverage,
+      verifier_results: [
+        previous,
+        { ...latest, observed_at: "2026-07-16T11:30:00.000Z" },
+      ],
+    }),
+  );
+  expect(result.status).toBe("unknown");
+  expect(result.evidence_ids).not.toContain(previous.evidence_ids[0]);
+});
+
+it.each([
+  ["shipped-artifact", "shipped-artifact", "observed", "ready"],
+  ["shipped-artifact", "shipped-artifact", "derived", "ready"],
+  ["shipped-artifact", "shipped-artifact", "inferred", "unknown"],
+  ["live-observation", "external-service", "observed", "ready"],
+  ["live-observation", "controlled-replay", "observed", "ready"],
+  ["external", "external-service", "observed", "ready"],
+  ["external", "controlled-replay", "observed", "unknown"],
+] as const)(
+  "checks %s authority against actual %s/%s Evidence",
+  (required, authority, confidence, status) => {
+    const coverage = withProofs([proof(authority, confidence)]);
+    const original = coverage.verifier_contracts[0];
+    const result = coverage.verifier_results[0];
+    if (original === undefined || result === undefined)
+      throw new Error("Expected verifier contract");
+    const { contract_sha256: _digest, ...input } = original;
+    const contract = createReconstructionVerifierContract({
+      ...input,
+      authority: required,
+    });
+    const changed = createReconstructionCoverageData({
+      ...coverage,
+      claims: coverage.claims.map((claim) => ({
+        ...claim,
+        required_authority: required,
+      })),
+      verifier_contracts: [contract],
+      verifier_results: [
+        { ...result, contract_sha256: contract.contract_sha256 },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect(evaluate(changed).status).toBe(status);
+  },
+);
+
+it.each([
+  "build",
+  "clean-install",
+  "package-contents",
+  "runtime-routing",
+  "authority-independence",
+] as const)("keeps %s unknown when only inferred Evidence is cited", (kind) => {
+  const record = proof("analyst-inference", "inferred");
+  const coverage = withPackageProof(kind, record);
+  expect(evaluate(coverage)).toMatchObject({
+    status: "unknown",
+    reasons: [
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        code: "package-proof-unknown",
+        subject_id: kind,
+      }),
+    ],
+    evidence_ids: expect.arrayContaining([record.evidence_id]),
+  });
+});
+
+it.each([
+  ["build", "shipped-artifact", "observed", "unknown"],
+  ["build", "external-service", "observed", "ready"],
+  ["runtime-routing", "controlled-replay", "observed", "ready"],
+  ["clean-install", "controlled-replay", "derived", "unknown"],
+  ["package-contents", "shipped-artifact", "derived", "ready"],
+  ["authority-independence", "shipped-artifact", "derived", "ready"],
+] as const)(
+  "checks %s proof at the actual %s/%s boundary",
+  (kind, authority, confidence, status) => {
+    expect(
+      evaluate(withPackageProof(kind, proof(authority, confidence))).status,
+    ).toBe(status);
+  },
+);
+
+it("distinguishes observed package failure from an inferred failure claim", () => {
+  const inference = proof("analyst-inference", "inferred");
+  expect(evaluate(withPackageProof("build", inference, "fail"))).toMatchObject({
+    status: "unknown",
+    evidence_ids: expect.arrayContaining([inference.evidence_id]),
+  });
+  const observed = proof("controlled-replay", "observed");
+  expect(evaluate(withPackageProof("build", observed, "fail"))).toMatchObject({
+    status: "failed",
+    reasons: [expect.objectContaining({ code: "package-proof-failed" })],
+    evidence_ids: expect.arrayContaining([observed.evidence_id]),
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvidence.ts b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvidence.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..036fda121f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/domain/reconstructionCoverageEvidence.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import type { Evidence } from "./evidence.js";
+import type {
+  ReconstructionCoverageData,
+  ReconstructionVerifierContract,
+} from "./reconstructionCoverage.js";
+
+type Authority = ReconstructionVerifierContract["authority"];
+type PackageProof = ReconstructionCoverageData["package_proofs"][number];
+type VerifierResult = ReconstructionCoverageData["verifier_results"][number];
+
+const evidenceAuthorities: Readonly<
+  Record<Authority, readonly Evidence["authority"][]>
+> = {
+  "shipped-artifact": ["shipped-artifact"],
+  "controlled-replay": ["controlled-replay"],
+  "live-observation": ["controlled-replay", "external-service"],
+  external: ["external-service"],
+};
+
+const packageAuthorities: Readonly<
+  Record<PackageProof["kind"], readonly Authority[]>
+> = {
+  build: ["live-observation"],
+  "clean-install": ["live-observation"],
+  "package-contents": ["shipped-artifact", "live-observation"],
+  "runtime-routing": ["live-observation"],
+  "authority-independence": ["shipped-artifact", "live-observation"],
+};
+
+/** Qualify only the Evidence cited by this verifier observation. */
+export const verifierHasComparableEvidence = (
+  result: VerifierResult,
+  contract: ReconstructionVerifierContract,
+  records: ReadonlyMap<string, Evidence>,
+): boolean =>
+  hasComparableEvidence(result.evidence_ids, [contract.authority], records);
+
+/** Runtime package claims need observations; static package audits can be derived. */
+export const packageProofHasComparableEvidence = (
+  proof: PackageProof,
+  records: ReadonlyMap<string, Evidence>,
+): boolean =>
+  hasComparableEvidence(
+    proof.evidence_ids,
+    packageAuthorities[proof.kind],
+    records,
+  );
+
+const hasComparableEvidence = (
+  evidenceIds: readonly string[],
+  requirements: readonly Authority[],
+  records: ReadonlyMap<string, Evidence>,
+): boolean =>
+  evidenceIds.some((id) => {
+    const evidence = records.get(id);
+    if (evidence === undefined) return false;
+    return requirements.some(
+      (required) =>
+        evidenceAuthorities[required].includes(evidence.authority) &&
+        (evidence.confidence === "observed" ||
+          (required === "shipped-artifact" &&
+            evidence.confidence === "derived")),
+    );
+  });
diff --git a/tests/boundary/mcp/reconstructionCoverageMcp.test.ts b/tests/boundary/mcp/reconstructionCoverageMcp.test.ts
index 1e167b8b09..951ee00375 100644
--- a/tests/boundary/mcp/reconstructionCoverageMcp.test.ts
+++ b/tests/boundary/mcp/reconstructionCoverageMcp.test.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import {
   reconstructionCoverageEvidenceId,
 } from "../../../src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.fixture.js";
 import { createReconstructionCoverageData } from "../../../src/domain/reconstructionCoverage.js";
+import { createEvidence } from "../../../src/domain/evidence.js";
+import { createEvidenceBundle } from "../../../src/domain/evidenceBundle.js";
 import { createTestBinarySession } from "../../fixtures/binarySession.js";
 import { createServer } from "../../../src/server/createServer.js";
 import { observed } from "../../fixtures/analysisExecution.js";
@@ -43,6 +45,64 @@ describe("reconstruction coverage MCP", () => {
       const latest = coverage.verifier_results[0];
       if (latest === undefined)
         throw new Error("Expected fixture verifier result");
+      const inference = createEvidence(
+        undefined,
+        { id: "weak-proof", name: "Weak proof fixture", version: "1" },
+        {
+          operation: "infer",
+          parameters: {},
+          result: { status: "unknown", note: "No replay was performed" },
+          authority: "analyst-inference",
+          confidence: "inferred",
+        },
+      );
+      const weakCoverage = createReconstructionCoverageData({
+        ...coverage,
+        evidence_bundle: createEvidenceBundle([
+          ...coverage.evidence_bundle.records,
+          inference,
+        ]),
+        verifier_results: [
+          { ...latest, evidence_ids: [inference.evidence_id] },
+        ],
+      });
+      const weak = await client.callTool({
+        name: "evaluate_reconstruction_coverage",
+        arguments: { coverage: weakCoverage, boundary_id: boundaryId },
+      });
+      expect(weak.isError).not.toBe(true);
+      expect(weak.structuredContent).toMatchObject({
+        status: "unknown",
+        reasons: [
+          expect.objectContaining({ code: "verifier-result-incompatible" }),
+        ],
+        evidence_ids: expect.arrayContaining([inference.evidence_id]),
+      });
+      const tampered = await client.callTool({
+        name: "evaluate_reconstruction_coverage",
+        arguments: {
+          boundary_id: boundaryId,
+          coverage: {
+            ...weakCoverage,
+            evidence_bundle: {
+              ...weakCoverage.evidence_bundle,
+              records: weakCoverage.evidence_bundle.records.map((record) =>
+                record.evidence_id === inference.evidence_id
+                  ? {
+                      ...record,
+                      authority: "controlled-replay",
+                      confidence: "observed",
+                    }
+                  : record,
+              ),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      expect(tampered.isError).toBe(true);
+      expect(parseMcpToolError(tampered)).toMatchObject({
+        error: { code: "invalid_request" },
+      });
       const ambiguous = await client.callTool({
         name: "evaluate_reconstruction_coverage",
         arguments: {