diff --git a/docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md b/docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md
index 90569cb7f5..825b36c8b0 100644
--- a/docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md
+++ b/docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md
@@ -419,7 +419,9 @@ establish a browser or Electron API. The shared lexical, ambient-write, and
 member-mutation owners must establish the receiver before static API facts become
 roles or storage observations. Path `join`, `resolve`, and `fileURLToPath` use
 proven Node imports; source-relative URL conversion additionally requires an
-unmodified global URL constructor and `import.meta.url`. Other calls preserve
+unmodified global or proven Node `url.URL` constructor and `import.meta.url`.
+Relative results of native path operations retain filesystem-expression context;
+their spelling does not turn them into module specifiers. Other calls preserve
 their expressions. A property named `preload` outside a proven BrowserWindow
 configuration does not establish a script entrypoint. Renderer recovery currently
 covers direct BrowserWindow instances, stable local aliases, and their
diff --git a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticApiIdentity.test.ts b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticApiIdentity.test.ts
index 0d4c5a5d46..4e49438631 100644
--- a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticApiIdentity.test.ts
+++ b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticApiIdentity.test.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,21 @@ it.each([
   },
 );
 
+it.each([
+  ["", "./native.js"],
+  ["url.URL = class {};", null],
+] as const)(
+  "requires the native URL constructor identity after %s",
+  (write, expected) => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${windowPrefix}
+    import url from 'node:url';${write}
+    new BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:fileURLToPath(new (url.URL as typeof URL)("./native.js", import.meta.url))}});`);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toMatchObject([
+      { preload_path: expected },
+    ]);
+  },
+);
+
 it.each([
   '["a", "b"].join("/")',
   'settings.join("/app", "preload.js")',
diff --git a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticPathIntrinsics.ts b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticPathIntrinsics.ts
index 899cf5af74..bc363bb4d0 100644
--- a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticPathIntrinsics.ts
+++ b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticPathIntrinsics.ts
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ export const createStaticPathIntrinsicQuery = (
       kind === "source-url"
         ? t.isNewExpression(callee) &&
           callee.arguments.length === 2 &&
-          isUnmodifiedGlobalReference(callee.callee, index.bindings, "URL") &&
+          (isUnmodifiedGlobalReference(callee.callee, index.bindings, "URL") ||
+            nativeMethod(callee.callee, "URL", ["url"])) &&
           isUnmodifiedImportMetaUrl(callee.arguments[1], index.bindings)
         : kind === "file-url-to-path"
           ? nativeMethod(callee, "fileURLToPath", ["url"])
diff --git a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticPathResolution.test.ts b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticPathResolution.test.ts
index 7256e389bb..ed2a287bd3 100644
--- a/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticPathResolution.test.ts
+++ b/src/domain/javascript/javascriptStaticPathResolution.test.ts
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ describe("inert JavaScript path resolution", () => {
     [
       'path.join("sub", "../preload.js")',
       posix.join("sub", "../preload.js"),
-      "module-specifier",
+      "filesystem-expression",
     ],
     [
       'path.join(__dirname, "preload.js")',
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ describe("inert JavaScript path resolution", () => {
       "preload.js",
       "filesystem-expression",
     ],
-    ['join("sub", "preload.js")', "sub/preload.js", "module-specifier"],
+    ['join("sub", "preload.js")', "sub/preload.js", "filesystem-expression"],
     ["path.join(__dirname)", ".", "filesystem-expression"],
   ] as const)("preserves join behavior in %s", (expression, path, context) => {
     assertPathProjection(expression, path, context);
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ const parsePathExpression = (expression: string) =>
 const analyzePathConsumers = (expression: string) => {
   const property = `preload: ${expression}`;
   const genericPrefix =
-    'import path, {dirname} from "node:path"; import {fileURLToPath} from "node:url"; const options = { ';
+    'import path, {dirname,join} from "node:path"; import url, {fileURLToPath} from "node:url"; const options = { ';
   const windowPrefix = "new BrowserWindow({ webPreferences: { ";
   const windowExpression = `${windowPrefix}${property} } })`;
   const utilityExpression = `utilityProcess.fork(${expression})`;
@@ -437,7 +437,11 @@ const assertPathProjection = (
     if (fact === "source-url") return true;
     const name = calleeName(callee);
     if (fact === "file-url-to-path") return name.endsWith("fileURLToPath");
-    return name.endsWith(`.${fact ?? "resolve"}`) && !name.includes("win32");
+    return (
+      (name === (fact ?? "resolve") ||
+        name.endsWith(`.${fact ?? "resolve"}`)) &&
+      !name.includes("win32")
+    );
   };
   expect(staticPath(node, pathIntrinsics)).toBe(path);
   expect(staticPathResolutionContext(node, pathIntrinsics)).toBe(context);