diff --git a/docs/guides/native/kernel-build-config.md b/docs/guides/native/kernel-build-config.md
index bbc7b5052a..971de720a5 100644
--- a/docs/guides/native/kernel-build-config.md
+++ b/docs/guides/native/kernel-build-config.md
@@ -32,9 +32,14 @@ otherwise.
 followed by a version token beginning with a digit and ends at a NUL or
 newline within 512 bytes. `version` is that token. `builder` is the first
 parenthesized group (`user@host`). `compiler` is the second group up to the
-last `) #`, so nested parentheses in compiler strings are kept. The banner is
-`absent` when no such string was found in the searched bytes and `unknown`
-when the bytes were not searched.
+last `) #`, so nested parentheses in compiler strings are kept. Since Linux
+6.1, kbuild also leaves the weak banner of `init/version.o`. It is compiled
+before the build number and timestamp exist, so unless `KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION`
+and `KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP` are both set, it has a space right after `#` or at
+its end. When a later banner repeats that text up to `#` without that gap, the
+later banner is reported; otherwise the first one is. The banner is `absent`
+when no such string was found in the searched bytes and `unknown` when the
+bytes were not searched.
 
 `config` is `present` only when all of the following hold:
 
diff --git a/docs/guides/native/windows-shortcut.md b/docs/guides/native/windows-shortcut.md
index 548ad6421c..feadfa18a1 100644
--- a/docs/guides/native/windows-shortcut.md
+++ b/docs/guides/native/windows-shortcut.md
@@ -62,7 +62,10 @@ arguments are present, argument character length, target extension, whether
 `ShowCommand` is minimized, and whether the icon location differs from the
 recorded target path. That comparison is `null` unless the icon and a recorded
 target are both full paths: a stored filename, relative path, or `%VAR%` form
-cannot show that two locations differ. This workflow does not emit verdicts
+cannot show that two locations differ. Windows stores the `LinkInfo` path only
+as ANSI when the system code page can represent it. An ANSI path with non-ASCII
+bytes is therefore not compared with a Unicode icon location, or the reverse,
+because the code page is unobserved. This workflow does not emit verdicts
 about intent.
 
 A missing optional section is observed absence of that structure. It is not
diff --git a/docs/specs/native/kernel-build-config/spec.md b/docs/specs/native/kernel-build-config/spec.md
index 49f8d3523b..5043a06933 100644
--- a/docs/specs/native/kernel-build-config/spec.md
+++ b/docs/specs/native/kernel-build-config/spec.md
@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ these files.
    read through the stable artifact read and never executed.
 2. The banner is the first printable `Linux version ` string followed by a
    version token that starts with a digit and ends at a NUL or newline within
-   512 bytes. Version, builder and compiler are split from it. The scan is
+   512 bytes. Version, builder and compiler are split from it. A banner with a
+   space right after `#` or at its end is the kbuild placeholder from
+   `init/version.o`, built without a build number or timestamp; a later banner
+   that repeats its text up to `#` without that gap replaces it. The scan is
    linear in the searched bytes.
 3. A config is `present` only when `IKCFG_ST` is followed by a gzip member that
    ends exactly at the next `IKCFG_ED`, inflates within `max_config_bytes`,
diff --git a/src/domain/analysisErrorProjection.ts b/src/domain/analysisErrorProjection.ts
index c4c536f254..183a5b96e2 100644
--- a/src/domain/analysisErrorProjection.ts
+++ b/src/domain/analysisErrorProjection.ts
@@ -524,6 +524,9 @@ const projectError = (
       RETRYABLE_CODES.has(code) ||
       (error instanceof AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError &&
         error.retryable) ||
+      (error._tag === "ProcessCaptureError" &&
+        "retryable" in error &&
+        error.retryable === true) ||
       (error instanceof ArtifactOperationError &&
         error.readerLimit?.can_increase === true &&
         !error.cleanupIncomplete) ||
diff --git a/src/native/elf/KernelBuildConfig.test.ts b/src/native/elf/KernelBuildConfig.test.ts
index eb9f93c6ea..66f29834e7 100644
--- a/src/native/elf/KernelBuildConfig.test.ts
+++ b/src/native/elf/KernelBuildConfig.test.ts
@@ -511,6 +511,31 @@ it("finds a banner after overlapping unterminated repeats in one linear scan", a
   });
 });
 
+it("reports the link-time banner after the kbuild placeholder banner", async () => {
+  // Linux 6.1+ keeps init/version.o's weak banner, built before the build
+  // number and timestamp exist, ahead of the banner the kernel prints.
+  const head = "Linux version 6.18.0 (u@h) (gcc 13.2.0) #";
+  const other = "Linux version 1.0.0 (x@y) (cc) #2";
+  const linked = `${head}1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Oct  6 19:13:07 UTC 2026`;
+  // No build number, then a set KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION with no timestamp.
+  for (const placeholder of [`${head} SMP PREEMPT `, `${head}1 SMP PREEMPT `]) {
+    const bytes = Buffer.from(
+      `${placeholder}\n\0${other}\n\0${placeholder}\n\0${linked}\n`,
+    );
+    expect((await parse(bytes)).banner).toMatchObject({
+      text: linked,
+      version: "6.18.0",
+      builder: "u@h",
+      compiler: "gcc 13.2.0",
+      location: { offset: bytes.length - linked.length - 1 },
+    });
+    // Without a matching link-time banner the placeholder is still reported.
+    expect(
+      (await parse(Buffer.from(`${placeholder}\n\0${other}\n`))).banner,
+    ).toMatchObject({ text: placeholder, location: { offset: 0 } });
+  }
+});
+
 it("honors cancellation during the marker, inflate, and banner scans", async () => {
   const input = inspectKernelBuildConfigInputSchema.parse({
     path: artifactPath,
diff --git a/src/native/elf/KernelBuildConfig.ts b/src/native/elf/KernelBuildConfig.ts
index 29292a0811..39c81d8f97 100644
--- a/src/native/elf/KernelBuildConfig.ts
+++ b/src/native/elf/KernelBuildConfig.ts
@@ -556,11 +556,58 @@ const absentBanner = (status: "absent" | "unknown"): Report["banner"] => ({
 
 const isPrintable = (value: number): boolean => value >= 0x20 && value <= 0x7e;
 
+/**
+ * Text up to and including `#` when the banner's `UTS_VERSION` lacks a build
+ * number or a timestamp, otherwise null. Since Linux 6.1, kbuild compiles
+ * `init/version.o` with a temporary `UTS_VERSION` that leaves both empty
+ * unless `KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION` or `KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP` is set, so that
+ * object's weak `linux_banner` has a space right after `#` or at its end. The
+ * banner the kernel prints comes from `init/version-timestamp.o` in the final
+ * link: the same text up to `#`, then the build number and timestamp.
+ */
+const kbuildPlaceholderPrefix = (text: string): string | null => {
+  const marked = text.lastIndexOf(") #");
+  if (marked < 0) return null;
+  return text.startsWith(" ", marked + 3) || text.endsWith(" ")
+    ? text.slice(0, marked + 3)
+    : null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * First `Linux version <digit>...` banner in the printable run that ends at
+ * `end`. Only hits within BANNER_TEXT_BYTES of the terminator fit the window.
+ */
+const bannerInRun = (
+  bytes: Buffer,
+  at: number,
+  end: number,
+): {
+  readonly hit: number;
+  readonly text: string;
+  readonly parsed: NonNullable<ReturnType<typeof parseBannerText>>;
+} | null => {
+  const run = bytes.subarray(0, end);
+  for (
+    let hit = run.indexOf(BANNER_PREFIX, Math.max(at, end - BANNER_TEXT_BYTES));
+    hit >= 0;
+    hit = run.indexOf(BANNER_PREFIX, hit + 1)
+  ) {
+    const first = bytes[hit + BANNER_PREFIX.length] ?? 0;
+    if (first < 0x30 || first > 0x39) continue;
+    const text = bytes.toString("latin1", hit, end);
+    const parsed = parseBannerText(text);
+    if (parsed !== null) return { hit, text, parsed };
+  }
+  return null;
+};
+
 /**
  * First printable, NUL- or newline-terminated `Linux version <digit>...`
- * string of at most BANNER_TEXT_BYTES. Every hit inside one printable run
- * shares that run's terminator, so each run is scanned once and the search
- * resumes after it: the scan is linear in the searched bytes.
+ * string of at most BANNER_TEXT_BYTES. A kbuild placeholder banner is
+ * replaced by a later banner that repeats its text up to `#` and is not a
+ * placeholder itself; without one, the placeholder is reported. Every hit inside one
+ * printable run shares that run's terminator, so each run is scanned once and
+ * the search resumes after it: the scan is linear in the searched bytes.
  */
 const findBanner = async (
   bytes: Buffer,
@@ -569,10 +616,14 @@ const findBanner = async (
 ): Promise<Report["banner"]> => {
   let from = 0;
   let turnAt = TURN_STRIDE;
+  let placeholder: {
+    readonly banner: Report["banner"];
+    readonly prefix: string;
+  } | null = null;
   for (;;) {
     assertArtifactReadActive(signal);
     const at = await findNext(bytes, BANNER_PREFIX, from, signal);
-    if (at < 0) return absentBanner("absent");
+    if (at < 0) return placeholder?.banner ?? absentBanner("absent");
     let end = at + BANNER_PREFIX.length;
     while (end < bytes.length && isPrintable(bytes[end] ?? 0)) {
       end += 1;
@@ -585,31 +636,23 @@ const findBanner = async (
     from = end + 1;
     if (end >= bytes.length || (bytes[end] !== 0 && bytes[end] !== 0x0a))
       continue;
-    // Only hits within BANNER_TEXT_BYTES of the terminator fit the window.
-    const run = bytes.subarray(0, end);
-    for (
-      let hit = run.indexOf(
-        BANNER_PREFIX,
-        Math.max(at, end - BANNER_TEXT_BYTES),
-      );
-      hit >= 0;
-      hit = run.indexOf(BANNER_PREFIX, hit + 1)
-    ) {
-      const first = bytes[hit + BANNER_PREFIX.length] ?? 0;
-      if (first < 0x30 || first > 0x39) continue;
-      const text = bytes.toString("latin1", hit, end);
-      const parsed = parseBannerText(text);
-      if (parsed === null) continue;
-      return {
-        status: "present",
-        text,
-        version: parsed.version,
-        builder: parsed.builder,
-        compiler: parsed.compiler,
-        location: located(space, hit, end - hit),
-        trust: UNTRUSTED,
-      };
-    }
+    const found = bannerInRun(bytes, at, end);
+    if (found === null) continue;
+    const banner: Report["banner"] = {
+      status: "present",
+      text: found.text,
+      version: found.parsed.version,
+      builder: found.parsed.builder,
+      compiler: found.parsed.compiler,
+      location: located(space, found.hit, end - found.hit),
+      trust: UNTRUSTED,
+    };
+    const prefix = kbuildPlaceholderPrefix(found.text);
+    if (placeholder === null) {
+      if (prefix === null) return banner;
+      placeholder = { banner, prefix };
+    } else if (prefix === null && found.text.startsWith(placeholder.prefix))
+      return banner;
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/native/windows/WindowsShortcutParser.test.ts b/src/native/windows/WindowsShortcutParser.test.ts
index bbe1831c9b..20c66ce0e0 100644
--- a/src/native/windows/WindowsShortcutParser.test.ts
+++ b/src/native/windows/WindowsShortcutParser.test.ts
@@ -644,6 +644,96 @@ it("compares an icon with a full target path, ignoring case and separators", asy
   expect(iconDifference(different)).toBe(true);
 });
 
+it("compares an icon with a target only in a shared or ASCII encoding", async () => {
+  // Windows stores the LinkInfo path only as ANSI when the system code page can
+  // represent it. 0xB9 0xA4 0xBE 0xDF is "工具" in code page 936; Latin1 differs.
+  const gbk = "D:\\\u00b9\u00a4\u00be\u00df\\app.exe";
+  const iconFor = async (
+    options: Parameters<typeof windowsShortcutBytes>[0],
+  ): Promise<boolean | null | undefined> =>
+    iconDifference(await parse(windowsShortcutBytes(options)));
+  const ansiLinkInfo = (localBasePath: string) => ({
+    localBasePath,
+    unicode: false,
+  });
+  expect(
+    await iconFor({
+      linkInfo: ansiLinkInfo(gbk),
+      iconLocation: "D:\\工具\\app.exe",
+    }),
+  ).toBeNull();
+  // A different comparable target does not outweigh the one that cannot be read.
+  expect(
+    await iconFor({
+      linkInfo: ansiLinkInfo(gbk),
+      extraData: [{ kind: "environment", unicode: "C:\\Other\\x.exe" }],
+      iconLocation: "D:\\工具\\app.exe",
+    }),
+  ).toBeNull();
+  // An ANSI icon cannot be compared with a Unicode target either.
+  expect(
+    await iconFor({
+      unicode: false,
+      linkInfo: { localBasePath: "D:\\工具\\app.exe", unicode: true },
+      iconLocation: gbk,
+    }),
+  ).toBeNull();
+  // Both ANSI: the same code page, so the bytes compare.
+  for (const [iconLocation, differs] of [
+    [gbk, false],
+    ["D:\\\u00b9\u00a4\u00be\u00df\\other.exe", true],
+  ] as const)
+    expect(
+      await iconFor({
+        unicode: false,
+        linkInfo: { localBasePath: gbk },
+        iconLocation,
+      }),
+    ).toBe(differs);
+  // ASCII is the same text in every ANSI code page, so it still compares.
+  for (const [iconLocation, differs] of [
+    ["C:\\Tools\\app.exe", false],
+    ["C:\\Tools\\other.exe", true],
+  ] as const)
+    expect(
+      await iconFor({
+        linkInfo: ansiLinkInfo("C:\\Tools\\app.exe"),
+        iconLocation,
+      }),
+    ).toBe(differs);
+  // A joined path keeps each part's encoding: an ASCII ANSI share with a
+  // Unicode suffix, or a Unicode share with an ASCII ANSI suffix, compares.
+  for (const [linkInfo, iconLocation, differs] of [
+    [
+      { netName: "\\\\server\\share", commonPathSuffix: "工具\\app.exe" },
+      "\\\\server\\share\\工具\\app.exe",
+      false,
+    ],
+    [
+      { netName: "\\\\server\\share", commonPathSuffix: "工具\\app.exe" },
+      "\\\\server\\share\\工具\\other.exe",
+      true,
+    ],
+  ] as const)
+    expect(
+      await iconFor({
+        linkInfo: { ...linkInfo, unicode: true, networkUnicode: false },
+        iconLocation,
+      }),
+    ).toBe(differs);
+  expect(
+    await iconFor({
+      linkInfo: {
+        netName: "\\\\server\\共享",
+        commonPathSuffix: "app.exe",
+        unicode: false,
+        networkUnicode: true,
+      },
+      iconLocation: "\\\\server\\共享\\app.exe",
+    }),
+  ).toBe(false);
+});
+
 it("compares an icon with a target after collapsing dot segments as text", async () => {
   const iconFor = async (localBasePath: string, iconLocation: string) =>
     iconDifference(
diff --git a/src/native/windows/WindowsShortcutParser.ts b/src/native/windows/WindowsShortcutParser.ts
index 6b8c88d9c9..93029f9f01 100644
--- a/src/native/windows/WindowsShortcutParser.ts
+++ b/src/native/windows/WindowsShortcutParser.ts
@@ -295,66 +295,117 @@ const isFullPath = (path: string): boolean =>
 const hasUnexpandedVariable = (path: string): boolean =>
   /%[^%\\/]+%/u.test(path);
 
+/**
+ * A recorded path and where its non-ASCII text came from. Every ANSI code page
+ * agrees with ASCII, so only non-ASCII characters depend on the encoding. A
+ * non-ASCII ANSI byte is a character from the unobserved system code page,
+ * which its Latin1 projection does not name.
+ */
+type RecordedPath = {
+  readonly path: string;
+  /** Holds non-ASCII text projected from ANSI bytes. */
+  readonly ansi: boolean;
+  /** Holds non-ASCII UTF-16 text. */
+  readonly unicode: boolean;
+};
+
+const isAscii = (text: string): boolean =>
+  [...text].every((char) => char <= "\u007f");
+
+const recorded = (path: string, ansi: boolean): RecordedPath => {
+  const nonAscii = !isAscii(path);
+  return { path, ansi: ansi && nonAscii, unicode: !ansi && nonAscii };
+};
+
+/** Two paths compare as text only when their non-ASCII parts share one encoding. */
+const comparableText = (left: RecordedPath, right: RecordedPath): boolean =>
+  !((left.ansi || right.ansi) && (left.unicode || right.unicode));
+
 const iconDiffersFromTarget = (
-  icon: string | undefined,
-  targets: readonly string[],
+  icon: WindowsShortcut["string_data"]["icon_location"],
+  targets: readonly RecordedPath[],
 ): boolean | null => {
-  if (icon === undefined || !isFullPath(icon) || hasUnexpandedVariable(icon))
-    return null;
-  const location = normalizePath(icon);
-  const fixedTargets = targets.filter(
-    (target) => isFullPath(target) && !hasUnexpandedVariable(target),
+  if (icon === null) return null;
+  const text = icon.value;
+  if (!isFullPath(text) || hasUnexpandedVariable(text)) return null;
+  const iconPath = recorded(text, icon.encoding === "ansi");
+  const location = normalizePath(text);
+  const fullTargets = targets.filter((target) => isFullPath(target.path));
+  const fixedTargets = fullTargets.filter(
+    (target) =>
+      !hasUnexpandedVariable(target.path) && comparableText(target, iconPath),
   );
-  if (fixedTargets.some((target) => normalizePath(target) === location))
+  if (fixedTargets.some((target) => normalizePath(target.path) === location))
     return false;
-  // A variable-bearing target could name the icon's file, so no difference is claimed.
-  if (targets.some((t) => isFullPath(t) && hasUnexpandedVariable(t)))
-    return null;
+  // A variable-bearing target, or one whose ANSI bytes the icon text cannot be
+  // compared with, could name the icon's file, so no difference is claimed.
+  if (fullTargets.length > fixedTargets.length) return null;
   return fixedTargets.length === 0 ? null : true;
 };
 
+/** LinkInfo local and network base paths, each joined with CommonPathSuffix. */
+const linkInfoTargets = (
+  info: NonNullable<WindowsShortcut["link_info"]>,
+): RecordedPath[] => {
+  const suffixText = info.common_path_suffix_unicode ?? info.common_path_suffix;
+  const suffix =
+    suffixText === null || suffixText.length === 0
+      ? null
+      : recorded(suffixText, info.common_path_suffix_unicode === null);
+  // Each part keeps its own encoding, so an ASCII ANSI part never hides a
+  // comparable Unicode part.
+  const withSuffix = (base: RecordedPath): RecordedPath =>
+    suffix === null
+      ? base
+      : {
+          path: `${base.path.replace(/\\$/u, "")}\\${suffix.path.replace(/^\\/u, "")}`,
+          ansi: base.ansi || suffix.ansi,
+          unicode: base.unicode || suffix.unicode,
+        };
+  const values: RecordedPath[] = [];
+  const local = info.local_base_path_unicode ?? info.local_base_path;
+  if (local !== null && (suffix !== null || local.length > 0))
+    values.push(
+      withSuffix(recorded(local, info.local_base_path_unicode === null)),
+    );
+  const net = info.common_network_relative_link;
+  if (net !== null) {
+    const share = net.net_name_unicode ?? net.net_name;
+    if (share !== null)
+      values.push(withSuffix(recorded(share, net.net_name_unicode === null)));
+  }
+  return values;
+};
+
 const targetPaths = (report: {
   readonly link_info: WindowsShortcut["link_info"];
   readonly string_data: WindowsShortcut["string_data"];
   readonly id_list: WindowsShortcut["id_list"];
   readonly extra_data: WindowsShortcut["extra_data"];
-}): string[] => {
-  const values: string[] = [];
-  const info = report.link_info;
-  if (info !== null) {
-    const local = info.local_base_path_unicode ?? info.local_base_path;
-    const suffix = info.common_path_suffix_unicode ?? info.common_path_suffix;
-    if (local !== null && suffix !== null && suffix.length > 0)
-      values.push(
-        `${local.replace(/\\$/u, "")}\\${suffix.replace(/^\\/u, "")}`,
-      );
-    else if (local !== null && local.length > 0) values.push(local);
-    const net = info.common_network_relative_link;
-    if (net !== null) {
-      const share = net.net_name_unicode ?? net.net_name;
-      if (share !== null && suffix !== null && suffix.length > 0)
-        values.push(
-          `${share.replace(/\\$/u, "")}\\${suffix.replace(/^\\/u, "")}`,
-        );
-      else if (share !== null) values.push(share);
-    }
-  }
-  if (report.string_data.relative_path !== null)
-    values.push(report.string_data.relative_path.value);
+}): RecordedPath[] => {
+  const values: RecordedPath[] =
+    report.link_info === null ? [] : linkInfoTargets(report.link_info);
+  const relative = report.string_data.relative_path;
+  if (relative !== null)
+    values.push(recorded(relative.value, relative.encoding === "ansi"));
   if (report.id_list !== null) {
     const lastFile = [...report.id_list.items]
       .reverse()
       .find((item) => item.kind === "file_entry");
-    if (lastFile?.kind === "file_entry") values.push(lastFile.short_name);
+    // Type bit 0x04 marks a UTF-16LE name; otherwise the name is ANSI.
+    if (lastFile?.kind === "file_entry")
+      values.push(
+        recorded(lastFile.short_name, (lastFile.type_byte & 0x04) === 0),
+      );
   }
   // A stored literal target, never expanded: `%VAR%` text stays as written.
   for (const block of report.extra_data.blocks) {
     if (block.decoded.kind !== "environment_variable") continue;
-    const stored =
-      block.decoded.target_unicode.length > 0
-        ? block.decoded.target_unicode
-        : block.decoded.target_ansi;
-    if (stored.length > 0) values.push(stored);
+    const unicode = block.decoded.target_unicode.length > 0;
+    const stored = unicode
+      ? block.decoded.target_unicode
+      : block.decoded.target_ansi;
+    if (stored.length > 0) values.push(recorded(stored, !unicode));
   }
   return values;
 };
@@ -389,7 +440,7 @@ const observationsOf = (
     {
       kind: "target_extension",
       evidence_kind: "derived",
-      extension: extensionOf(targets[0] ?? null),
+      extension: extensionOf(targets[0]?.path ?? null),
     },
     {
       kind: "show_command_minimized",
@@ -399,10 +450,7 @@ const observationsOf = (
     {
       kind: "icon_location_differs_from_target",
       evidence_kind: "derived",
-      value: iconDiffersFromTarget(
-        report.string_data.icon_location?.value,
-        targets,
-      ),
+      value: iconDiffersFromTarget(report.string_data.icon_location, targets),
     },
   ];
 };
diff --git a/src/process/capture/ProcessCaptureError.test.ts b/src/process/capture/ProcessCaptureError.test.ts
index 654cbdcfbc..51791c2211 100644
--- a/src/process/capture/ProcessCaptureError.test.ts
+++ b/src/process/capture/ProcessCaptureError.test.ts
@@ -76,6 +76,33 @@ it("preserves the compiler output and live cleanup owner at capture normalizatio
   expect(error.capturedOutput?.exit_code).toBe(7);
 });
 
+it("marks a timed-out Darwin compiler inspection as retryable", () => {
+  const compiler = new DarwinProcessOwnershipInspectionError(
+    "compiler timed out",
+    {
+      compilerOutcome: {
+        outcome: "timed_out",
+        code: "ETIMEDOUT",
+        signal: null,
+        stderr: "compiler deadline exceeded",
+        stderrTruncated: false,
+        outputTruncated: false,
+        killed: true,
+        timeoutMs: 5_000,
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  const normalized = normalizeCaptureFailure(compiler, undefined);
+  expect(normalized).toMatchObject({
+    retryable: true,
+    capturedOutput: undefined,
+  });
+  if (!(normalized instanceof ProcessCaptureError))
+    throw new Error("Expected normalized capture failure");
+  expect(projectAnalysisError(normalized)).toMatchObject({ retryable: true });
+});
+
 it("retains compiler facts and cleanup dependency through capture finalization", () => {
   const { cleanup, error } = fixture();
   let finalized: unknown;
diff --git a/src/process/capture/ProcessCaptureError.ts b/src/process/capture/ProcessCaptureError.ts
index 68e0d4c172..d424449c4f 100644
--- a/src/process/capture/ProcessCaptureError.ts
+++ b/src/process/capture/ProcessCaptureError.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ interface ProcessCaptureErrorOptions extends AnalysisErrorOptions {
   readonly executionFailure?: string;
   readonly partialObservation?: PartialProcessCaptureObservation;
   readonly cleanupReport?: ProcessCaptureCleanupReport;
+  /** Whether the producer identified a transient failure that can be retried. */
+  readonly retryable?: boolean;
 }
 
 /** Typed application failure produced by controlled process capture. */
@@ -29,6 +31,11 @@ export class ProcessCaptureError extends AnalysisError {
     | PartialProcessCaptureObservation
     | undefined;
   override readonly cleanupReport: ProcessCaptureCleanupReport | undefined;
+  readonly #retryable: boolean;
+
+  get retryable(): boolean {
+    return this.#retryable && !this.cleanupIncomplete;
+  }
 
   constructor(message: string, options?: ProcessCaptureErrorOptions) {
     super(message, options);
@@ -41,6 +48,7 @@ export class ProcessCaptureError extends AnalysisError {
     this.executionFailure = options?.executionFailure ?? message;
     this.partialObservation = options?.partialObservation;
     this.cleanupReport = options?.cleanupReport;
+    this.#retryable = options?.retryable === true;
   }
 
   /** Add final capture observations while preserving primary facts and cleanup ownership. */
@@ -82,6 +90,7 @@ export class ProcessCaptureError extends AnalysisError {
       ...(executionFailure === undefined ? {} : { executionFailure }),
       ...(partialObservation === undefined ? {} : { partialObservation }),
       ...(cleanupReport === undefined ? {} : { cleanupReport }),
+      ...(this.#retryable ? { retryable: true } : {}),
     }).bindCleanupDependencies([
       this,
       ...(secondary === undefined ? [] : [secondary]),
@@ -135,6 +144,9 @@ export const normalizeCaptureFailure = (
       ...(cause.capturedOutput === undefined
         ? {}
         : { capturedOutput: cause.capturedOutput }),
+      ...(cause.compilerOutcome?.outcome === "timed_out"
+        ? { retryable: true }
+        : {}),
     });
     return cause.cleanupFailure === undefined
       ? normalized
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/binaryDiagnostics/windowsShortcut.ts b/tests/fixtures/binaryDiagnostics/windowsShortcut.ts
index b8eb930b83..90eddc6792 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/binaryDiagnostics/windowsShortcut.ts
+++ b/tests/fixtures/binaryDiagnostics/windowsShortcut.ts
@@ -67,6 +67,13 @@ export type FixtureLinkInfo = {
   readonly deviceName?: string;
   readonly networkProviderType?: number;
   readonly networkFlags?: number;
+  /**
+   * Write LinkInfo's Unicode fields: header 0x24, Unicode volume label and
+   * network names. Defaults to the link's IsUnicode.
+   */
+  readonly unicode?: boolean;
+  /** Write Unicode network names; defaults to `unicode`. */
+  readonly networkUnicode?: boolean;
 };
 
 export type FixtureExtraBlock =
@@ -278,7 +285,9 @@ const linkInfoBytes = (info: FixtureLinkInfo, unicode: boolean): Buffer => {
       ? ansiZ(info.localBasePath ?? "C:\\target.exe")
       : Buffer.alloc(0);
   const network =
-    flags & 0x2 ? networkLinkBytes(info, unicode) : Buffer.alloc(0);
+    flags & 0x2
+      ? networkLinkBytes(info, info.networkUnicode ?? unicode)
+      : Buffer.alloc(0);
   const suffixAnsi = ansiZ(info.commonPathSuffix ?? "");
   const localWide =
     unicode && flags & 0x1
@@ -512,7 +521,7 @@ export const windowsShortcutBytes = (
   if (flags & LINK_FLAG.HasLinkTargetIDList && idList !== null)
     parts.push(idListBytes(idList));
   if (flags & LINK_FLAG.HasLinkInfo && linkInfo !== null)
-    parts.push(linkInfoBytes(linkInfo, unicode));
+    parts.push(linkInfoBytes(linkInfo, linkInfo.unicode ?? unicode));
   const strings: Buffer[] = [];
   if (flags & LINK_FLAG.HasName) strings.push(stringDataField(name, unicode));
   if (flags & LINK_FLAG.HasRelativePath)