diff --git a/src/native/pe/PeCertificateAsn1.ts b/src/native/pe/PeCertificateAsn1.ts
index 1f8985b048..2f476d4f20 100644
--- a/src/native/pe/PeCertificateAsn1.ts
+++ b/src/native/pe/PeCertificateAsn1.ts
@@ -214,7 +214,22 @@ const decodeDirectoryString = (
   }
 };
 
-const integerHex = (content: Buffer, budget: DecodedNameBudget): string => {
+// X.690 8.3.1 and 8.3.2 hold for BER as well as DER: an INTEGER has at least
+// one content octet, and its first nine bits are never all zeros or all ones.
+// Padded encodings would otherwise collapse onto the minimal serial's hex.
+const integerHex = (
+  content: Buffer,
+  budget: DecodedNameBudget,
+  label: string,
+): string => {
+  if (content.length === 0) return fail(`${label} INTEGER is empty.`);
+  const second = content[1];
+  if (
+    second !== undefined &&
+    ((content[0] === 0x00 && second < 0x80) ||
+      (content[0] === 0xff && second >= 0x80))
+  )
+    return fail(`${label} INTEGER is not minimally encoded.`);
   let start = 0;
   while (start < content.length - 1 && content[start] === 0) start += 1;
   chargeDecodedName(budget, (content.length - start) * 2);
@@ -444,7 +459,11 @@ export const parseCertificate = (
   return {
     start: node.start,
     end: node.end,
-    serial_hex: integerHex(serial.content, names),
+    serial_hex: integerHex(
+      serial.content,
+      names,
+      "TBSCertificate serialNumber",
+    ),
     issuer: decodeName(issuer, names),
     subject: decodeName(subject, names),
     not_before: validityTime(notBefore, names),
@@ -484,7 +503,11 @@ const signerIdentifier = (
       return fail("SignerInfo issuerAndSerialNumber is truncated.");
     return {
       issuer: decodeName(name, names),
-      serial_hex: integerHex(serial.content, names),
+      serial_hex: integerHex(
+        serial.content,
+        names,
+        "SignerInfo issuerAndSerialNumber serialNumber",
+      ),
       subject_key_identifier_hex: null,
     };
   }
diff --git a/src/native/pe/PeCertificateParser.test.ts b/src/native/pe/PeCertificateParser.test.ts
index 9b6828e812..20bb591eda 100644
--- a/src/native/pe/PeCertificateParser.test.ts
+++ b/src/native/pe/PeCertificateParser.test.ts
@@ -515,6 +515,92 @@ it("keeps subjectKeyIdentifier bytes on the signer", () => {
   ).toThrow(/decoded budget/u);
 });
 
+// X.690 8.3.1 and 8.3.2 apply under BER as well as DER.
+const malformedSerials = [
+  [],
+  [0x00, 0x00],
+  [0x00, 0x7f],
+  [0x00, 0x00, 0x80],
+  [0xff, 0x80],
+  [0xff, 0xff],
+] as const;
+const minimalSerials = [
+  [[0x00], "00"],
+  [[0x7f], "7f"],
+  [[0x00, 0x80], "80"],
+  [[0xff], "ff"],
+  [[0xff, 0x7f], "ff7f"],
+  [[0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44], "11223344"],
+] as const;
+const serialName = derSeq(
+  derSet(
+    derSeq(
+      der(0x06, Buffer.from([0x55, 0x04, 0x03])),
+      der(0x0c, Buffer.from("Fixture")),
+    ),
+  ),
+);
+
+it("rejects empty and non-minimal certificate serialNumber INTEGERs", () => {
+  const certificate = (serial: readonly number[]) =>
+    readAsn1(
+      derSeq(
+        derSeq(
+          der(0x02, Buffer.from(serial)),
+          SHA256_ALG,
+          serialName,
+          derSeq(
+            der(0x17, Buffer.from("250101000000Z")),
+            der(0x17, Buffer.from("260101000000Z")),
+          ),
+          serialName,
+          derSeq(SHA256_ALG, der(0x03, Buffer.from([0]))),
+        ),
+        SHA256_ALG,
+        der(0x03, Buffer.from([0])),
+      ),
+    );
+  for (const serial of malformedSerials)
+    expect(
+      () => parseCertificate(certificate(serial)),
+      JSON.stringify(serial),
+    ).toThrow(/TBSCertificate serialNumber INTEGER is (empty|not minimally)/u);
+  for (const [serial, hex] of minimalSerials)
+    expect(parseCertificate(certificate(serial)).serial_hex).toBe(hex);
+});
+
+it("rejects empty and non-minimal SignerInfo serialNumber INTEGERs", () => {
+  const payload = (serial: readonly number[]) =>
+    contentInfo(
+      derSeq(
+        derInt(1),
+        derSet(SHA256_ALG),
+        derSeq(DATA_OID),
+        derSet(
+          derSeq(
+            derInt(1),
+            derSeq(serialName, der(0x02, Buffer.from(serial))),
+            SHA256_ALG,
+            SHA256_ALG,
+            der(0x04, Buffer.from([1])),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  for (const serial of malformedSerials)
+    expect(
+      () => parse(peCertificateFixture(false, payload(serial))),
+      JSON.stringify(serial),
+    ).toThrow(
+      /SignerInfo issuerAndSerialNumber serialNumber INTEGER is (empty|not minimally)/u,
+    );
+  for (const [serial, hex] of minimalSerials)
+    expect(
+      parse(peCertificateFixture(false, payload(serial))).entries[0]?.pkcs7
+        ?.signers[0]?.serial_hex,
+    ).toBe(hex);
+});
+
 it("fails a truncated issuerAndSerialNumber instead of dropping the signer", () => {
   const signer = derSeq(
     derInt(1),