diff --git a/src/application/BinaryOverview.test.ts b/src/application/BinaryOverview.test.ts
index 6c38350b36..310f9e8373 100644
--- a/src/application/BinaryOverview.test.ts
+++ b/src/application/BinaryOverview.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError,
   AnalysisOutputError,
 } from "../domain/analysisErrorCore.js";
+import type { JsonValue } from "../domain/jsonValue.js";
 import { err, ok } from "../domain/result.js";
 
 it("uses the provider-owned overview without requesting complete inventories", async () => {
@@ -59,3 +60,93 @@ it.each([
     expect(calls).toEqual(["read_binary_inventory_summary"]);
   },
 );
+
+const fallbackOverview = (procedures: JsonValue, strings: JsonValue) =>
+  new EnhancedTools({
+    execute: async (operation) => {
+      if (
+        operation === "read_binary_inventory_summary" ||
+        operation === "list_segments"
+      )
+        return err(
+          new AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError(
+            "fixture",
+            operation,
+            "Not supported",
+          ),
+        );
+      const result =
+        operation === "current_document"
+          ? "selected"
+          : operation === "list_procedures"
+            ? procedures
+            : strings;
+      return ok(
+        createAnalysisExecution(result, {
+          id: "fixture",
+          name: "Fixture",
+          version: "1",
+        }),
+      );
+    },
+  });
+
+it.each(["list_procedures", "list_strings"] as const)(
+  "rejects malformed successful %s inventories in the public overview workflow",
+  async (operation) => {
+    for (const malformed of [
+      { error: "inventory unavailable" },
+      { "0x1000": "obsolete map" },
+      { [operation === "list_procedures" ? "procedures" : "strings"]: [] },
+      JSON.parse('{"__proto__":"observed"}'),
+      [null],
+      [{ address: "0x1000" }],
+      [{ address: "0x1000", value: 1 }],
+    ]) {
+      const tools = fallbackOverview(
+        operation === "list_procedures" ? malformed : [],
+        operation === "list_strings" ? malformed : [],
+      );
+      const result = await tools.execute("binary_overview", {});
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+      if (!result.ok) {
+        expect(result.error).toBeInstanceOf(AnalysisOutputError);
+        if (result.error instanceof AnalysisOutputError)
+          expect(result.error.operation).toBe(operation);
+      }
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+it("counts canonical fallback inventories including typed and display-only strings", async () => {
+  const tools = fallbackOverview(
+    [{ address: "0x1000", value: "entry" }],
+    [
+      { address: "0x2000", value: "display-only" },
+      {
+        address: "0x2000",
+        value: "typed",
+        provider_value: "source display",
+        string: {
+          encoding: "utf-8",
+          termination: "present_or_not_required",
+          byte_length: 5,
+        },
+      },
+    ],
+  );
+  expect(await tools.execute("binary_overview", {})).toEqual(
+    ok({
+      document: "selected",
+      procedure_count: 1,
+      string_count: 2,
+    }),
+  );
+  expect(await fallbackOverview([], []).execute("binary_overview", {})).toEqual(
+    ok({
+      document: "selected",
+      procedure_count: 0,
+      string_count: 0,
+    }),
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/application/EnhancedTools.ts b/src/application/EnhancedTools.ts
index 89179d6c08..a23d66aa20 100644
--- a/src/application/EnhancedTools.ts
+++ b/src/application/EnhancedTools.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import { projectAnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorProjection.js";
 import type { AnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
 import { parseFunctionDossier } from "../domain/native/functionDossier.js";
 import {
-  parseListCount,
+  parseNativeInventoryCount,
   addressedValueSchema,
 } from "../domain/native/nativeInventory.js";
 import { parseRelatedAddresses } from "../domain/native/nativeObservation.js";
@@ -763,9 +763,15 @@ export class EnhancedTools {
       ? parseSegments(segmentsResult.value)
       : undefined;
     if (segments !== undefined && !segments.ok) return segments;
-    const procedureCount = parseListCount(proceduresResult.value, "procedures");
+    const procedureCount = parseNativeInventoryCount(
+      proceduresResult.value,
+      "list_procedures",
+    );
     if (!procedureCount.ok) return procedureCount;
-    const stringCount = parseListCount(stringsResult.value, "strings");
+    const stringCount = parseNativeInventoryCount(
+      stringsResult.value,
+      "list_strings",
+    );
     if (!stringCount.ok) return stringCount;
 
     return ok(
diff --git a/src/application/firmware/FirmwareAnalysisService.test.ts b/src/application/firmware/FirmwareAnalysisService.test.ts
index 90be958f77..b39c69d152 100644
--- a/src/application/firmware/FirmwareAnalysisService.test.ts
+++ b/src/application/firmware/FirmwareAnalysisService.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { ZodError } from "zod";
 
 import { FirmwareAnalysisService } from "./FirmwareAnalysisService.js";
 import { createAnalysisExecution } from "../AnalysisProvider.js";
@@ -65,6 +66,44 @@ const fixture = (
   return { input, execution };
 };
 
+it.each([
+  {
+    input: {},
+    issue: { path: ["path"], reason: "missing_argument" },
+  },
+  {
+    input: { path: 17 },
+    issue: { path: ["path"], reason: "invalid_type" },
+  },
+  {
+    input: { path: "/firmware.bin", range: { offset: -1, length: 1 } },
+    issue: { path: ["range", "offset"], reason: "out_of_range" },
+  },
+  {
+    input: { path: "/firmware.bin", unexpected: "caller value" },
+    issue: { path: ["unexpected"], reason: "unknown_argument" },
+  },
+])(
+  "rejects malformed firmware inputs with caller-relative issues: $issue",
+  async ({ input, issue }) => {
+    const execute = vi.fn<FirmwareAnalysisService["provider"]["execute"]>();
+    const result = await new FirmwareAnalysisService({ execute }).execute(
+      "extract_firmware",
+      { output_directory: "/output", ...input },
+    );
+    expect(execute).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(result).toMatchObject({
+      ok: false,
+      error: {
+        _tag: "AnalysisInputError",
+        operation: "extract_firmware",
+        cause: expect.any(ZodError),
+        issues: expect.arrayContaining([expect.objectContaining(issue)]),
+      },
+    });
+  },
+);
+
 it.each(["inspect_firmware_regions", "extract_firmware"] as const)(
   "retains %s Evidence after late cancellation and preserves provider failure precedence",
   async (operation) => {
diff --git a/src/application/firmware/FirmwareAnalysisService.ts b/src/application/firmware/FirmwareAnalysisService.ts
index cc05d63997..af74216d8d 100644
--- a/src/application/firmware/FirmwareAnalysisService.ts
+++ b/src/application/firmware/FirmwareAnalysisService.ts
@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@ import {
 } from "../../domain/firmware/firmwareAnalysis.js";
 import {
   AnalysisCancelledError,
-  AnalysisInputError,
   AnalysisOutputError,
 } from "../../domain/analysisErrorCore.js";
 import type { AnalysisError } from "../../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
 import type { Evidence } from "../../domain/evidence.js";
-import { projectInputIssues } from "../../domain/inputIssueProjection.js";
+import { analysisOperationInputErrorFromIssues } from "../../domain/inputIssueProjection.js";
 import { err, type Result } from "../../domain/result.js";
 import { completeProviderEvidence } from "../ProviderOperationExecution.js";
 
@@ -39,17 +38,11 @@ export class FirmwareAnalysisService {
     const parsed = firmwareRequestSchema.safeParse({ operation, input });
     if (!parsed.success)
       return err(
-        new AnalysisInputError(
+        analysisOperationInputErrorFromIssues(
           operation,
-          { cause: parsed.error },
-          projectInputIssues(parsed.error.issues, { operation, input }).map(
-            (issue) => ({
-              ...issue,
-              // `input` is the internal discriminated request envelope.
-              path:
-                issue.path[0] === "input" ? issue.path.slice(1) : issue.path,
-            }),
-          ),
+          parsed.error.issues,
+          input,
+          parsed.error,
         ),
       );
     const executed = await this.provider.execute(parsed.data, options);
diff --git a/src/contracts/toolOutputSchemaPrimitives.ts b/src/contracts/toolOutputSchemaPrimitives.ts
index 1b1e42c73b..3aaa48332a 100644
--- a/src/contracts/toolOutputSchemaPrimitives.ts
+++ b/src/contracts/toolOutputSchemaPrimitives.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ import {
   PROVIDER_RETRY_ACTIONS,
 } from "../domain/providerOperationHealth.js";
 import { analysisErrorProjectionSchema } from "./errorSchemas.js";
-import { objcClassImportIdentitySchema } from "../domain/native/objcSwiftMetadata.js";
+import {
+  objcClassDiscoveryCoverageSchema,
+  objcClassImportIdentitySchema,
+} from "../domain/native/objcSwiftMetadata.js";
 import { BINARY_SESSION_SUMMARY_OMITTED_FIELDS } from "./sessionStatusContract.js";
 
 /** Specialize the single normalized result inside a complete Evidence record. */
@@ -683,17 +686,7 @@ export const objcClassDiscoveryOutput = evidenceResultOf(
           .optional(),
       }),
     ),
-    identity_coverage: z.strictObject({
-      status: z.enum([
-        "complete",
-        "partial",
-        "unsupported",
-        "not_requested",
-        "unknown",
-        "not_applicable",
-      ]),
-      reason: z.string().nullable(),
-    }),
+    identity_coverage: objcClassDiscoveryCoverageSchema,
   }),
 );
 
diff --git a/src/domain/native/nativeInventory.ts b/src/domain/native/nativeInventory.ts
index ef7d932730..b8ca5d7eb1 100644
--- a/src/domain/native/nativeInventory.ts
+++ b/src/domain/native/nativeInventory.ts
@@ -4,11 +4,7 @@ import { analysisStringSchema } from "./nativeString.js";
 import { ok, type Result } from "../result.js";
 import { AnalysisOutputError } from "../analysisErrorCore.js";
 import type { JsonValue } from "../jsonValue.js";
-import { jsonObjectSchema } from "../jsonValue.js";
-import {
-  unwrapNativeProperty,
-  invalidNativeOutput,
-} from "./nativeProviderOutput.js";
+import { invalidNativeOutput } from "./nativeProviderOutput.js";
 
 /** Canonical named native observations; same-address alternatives stay separate. */
 export const addressedValueSchema = z.object({
@@ -69,17 +65,17 @@ export const analysisBookmarkSchema = z.strictObject({
   address: z.string(),
   name: z.string().nullable(),
 });
-/** Parse a direct or wrapped list when only its cardinality is required. */
-export const parseListCount = (
+/** Count only complete canonical inventories, using the advertised row contracts. */
+export const parseNativeInventoryCount = (
   value: JsonValue,
-  property: string,
-  operation = property === "procedures" ? "list_procedures" : "list_strings",
+  operation: "list_procedures" | "list_strings",
 ): Result<number, AnalysisOutputError> => {
-  const unwrapped = unwrapNativeProperty(value, property);
-  const list = z.array(z.unknown()).safeParse(unwrapped);
-  if (list.success) return ok(list.data.length);
-  const map = jsonObjectSchema.safeParse(unwrapped);
-  return map.success
-    ? ok(Object.keys(map.data).length)
-    : invalidNativeOutput(operation, `${property} list`, map.error);
+  const schema =
+    operation === "list_procedures"
+      ? nativeInventoryRowsSchemas.names
+      : nativeInventoryRowsSchemas.strings;
+  const parsed = schema.safeParse(value);
+  return parsed.success
+    ? ok(parsed.data.length)
+    : invalidNativeOutput(operation, "inventory rows", parsed.error);
 };
diff --git a/src/domain/native/nativeProviderOutput.test.ts b/src/domain/native/nativeProviderOutput.test.ts
index f315587800..69ac6b4a6c 100644
--- a/src/domain/native/nativeProviderOutput.test.ts
+++ b/src/domain/native/nativeProviderOutput.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
 import { addressDistance } from "./addressCoordinate.js";
 import { parseDocuments } from "./nativeDocument.js";
-import { parseListCount } from "./nativeInventory.js";
 import { parseRelatedAddresses } from "./nativeObservation.js";
 import { parseSegments } from "./nativeSegments.js";
 
@@ -32,12 +31,6 @@ describe("native provider boundary values", () => {
       parseSegments([{ name: "__TEXT", start: "0x1", end: "0x2" }]).ok,
     ).toBe(false);
   });
-  it("counts Hopper's address-keyed string maps", () => {
-    expect(
-      parseListCount({ "0x1000": "hello", "0x2000": "world" }, "strings"),
-    ).toEqual({ ok: true, value: 2 });
-  });
-
   it("parses direct and wrapped protocol shapes", () => {
     expect(parseRelatedAddresses({ callers: ["0x3"] }, "callers")).toEqual({
       ok: true,
@@ -98,32 +91,3 @@ describe("native provider boundary values", () => {
     }
   });
 });
-
-it.each(["procedures", "strings"])(
-  "counts every own entry of direct and wrapped %s maps",
-  (property) => {
-    for (const text of [
-      '{"__proto__":"observed"}',
-      '{"__proto__":"observed","0x1000":"one"}',
-    ]) {
-      const source = JSON.parse(text);
-      const count = Object.keys(source).length;
-      expect(parseListCount(source, property)).toEqual({
-        ok: true,
-        value: count,
-      });
-      expect(parseListCount({ [property]: source }, property)).toEqual({
-        ok: true,
-        value: count,
-      });
-      expect(JSON.stringify(source)).toBe(text);
-    }
-    expect(parseListCount({ [property]: [] }, property)).toEqual({
-      ok: true,
-      value: 0,
-    });
-    expect(parseListCount({}, property)).toEqual({ ok: true, value: 0 });
-    for (const value of [null, "not a list", 3, false])
-      expect(parseListCount(value, property).ok).toBe(false);
-  },
-);
diff --git a/src/domain/native/objcSwiftMetadata.ts b/src/domain/native/objcSwiftMetadata.ts
index baa3368ec1..c5cfa26041 100644
--- a/src/domain/native/objcSwiftMetadata.ts
+++ b/src/domain/native/objcSwiftMetadata.ts
@@ -316,17 +316,30 @@ export const nativeMetadataCoverageSchema = z.strictObject({
 export const objcClassImportIdentitySchema = machoImportBindingSchema.omit({
   requested_address: true,
 });
-export const objcClassImportBindingCoverageSchema = z.strictObject({
-  facet: z.literal("objc_class_import_bindings"),
-  status: z.enum(["complete", "partial", "unsupported", "not_requested"]),
-  reason: z.string().nullable(),
-  examined: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-  decoded: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
-});
+export const objcClassImportBindingCoverageSchema =
+  nativeMetadataCoverageSchema.extend({
+    facet: z.literal("objc_class_import_bindings"),
+    examined: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
+    decoded: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
+  });
 export type ObjcClassImportBindingCoverage = z.infer<
   typeof objcClassImportBindingCoverageSchema
 >;
 
+/** Discovery retains unknown or inapplicable import identity separately from scan coverage. */
+export const objcClassDiscoveryCoverageSchema = nativeMetadataCoverageSchema
+  .pick({ status: true, reason: true })
+  .extend({
+    status: z.enum([
+      ...nativeMetadataCoverageSchema.shape.status.options,
+      "unknown",
+      "not_applicable",
+    ]),
+  });
+export type ObjcClassDiscoveryCoverage = z.infer<
+  typeof objcClassDiscoveryCoverageSchema
+>;
+
 /** Nominal Swift type kinds recorded by `__swift5_types` descriptors. */
 export const swiftDeclKindSchema = z.enum(["class", "struct", "enum", "actor"]);
 
diff --git a/src/domain/symbolAnalysis.ts b/src/domain/symbolAnalysis.ts
index e178437d1f..66b3264501 100644
--- a/src/domain/symbolAnalysis.ts
+++ b/src/domain/symbolAnalysis.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { JsonValue } from "./jsonValue.js";
 import type { AddressedName } from "./native/nativeInventory.js";
 import type {
   MachoImportBinding,
-  ObjcClassImportBindingCoverage,
+  ObjcClassDiscoveryCoverage,
 } from "./native/objcSwiftMetadata.js";
 import {
   classifySwiftSymbol,
@@ -20,14 +20,6 @@ const LEGACY_OBJC_CLASS_PREFIX = "l_OBJC_CLASS_" as const;
  */
 const OBJC_PROTOCOL_MARKER = "OBJC_PROTOCOL_$_" as const;
 
-export interface ObjcClassDiscoveryCoverage {
-  readonly status:
-    | ObjcClassImportBindingCoverage["status"]
-    | "unknown"
-    | "not_applicable";
-  readonly reason: string | null;
-}
-
 export interface ObjcClassImportBindingScan {
   readonly bindings: readonly MachoImportBinding[];
   readonly coverage: ObjcClassDiscoveryCoverage;
diff --git a/tests/boundary/mcp/enhancedTools.04-uses-complete-inventories-inline.test.ts b/tests/boundary/mcp/enhancedTools.04-uses-complete-inventories-inline.test.ts
index 0a45132738..ee0e53b924 100644
--- a/tests/boundary/mcp/enhancedTools.04-uses-complete-inventories-inline.test.ts
+++ b/tests/boundary/mcp/enhancedTools.04-uses-complete-inventories-inline.test.ts
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ import {
   connect as connectTool,
   jsonResult,
 } from "./enhancedToolsHarness.js";
-import type {
-  AnalysisExecution,
-  AnalysisOperationPort,
+import {
+  createAnalysisExecution,
+  type AnalysisExecution,
+  type AnalysisOperation,
+  type AnalysisOperationPort,
 } from "../../../src/application/AnalysisProvider.js";
-import { createAnalysisExecution } from "../../../src/application/AnalysisProvider.js";
-import type { AnalysisOperation } from "../../../src/application/AnalysisProvider.js";
 import type { AnalysisError } from "../../../src/domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
 import {
   AnalysisCapabilityUnavailableError,
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
   ok as resultOk,
   type Result,
 } from "../../../src/domain/result.js";
+import type { JsonValue } from "../../../src/domain/jsonValue.js";
 import { createAnalysisProfile } from "../../../src/domain/analysisProfile.js";
 import { observed as ok } from "../../fixtures/analysisExecution.js";
 
@@ -411,6 +412,47 @@ describe("enhanced MCP binary overview", () => {
 });
 
 describe("enhanced MCP inventory validation", () => {
+  // Injected provider successes verify public MCP composition, not real-provider behavior.
+  it.each(["list_procedures", "list_strings"] as const)(
+    "rejects malformed successful %s inventory without manufacturing overview counts",
+    async (operation) => {
+      let inventory: JsonValue = [];
+      const client = await connect({
+        execute: (name, parameters, options) =>
+          name === operation
+            ? Promise.resolve(ok(inventory))
+            : completeOverviewPort.execute(name, parameters, options),
+      });
+      for (const malformed of [
+        { error: "inventory unavailable" },
+        { "0x1000": "obsolete map" },
+        [{ address: "0x1000", value: 7 }],
+      ]) {
+        inventory = malformed;
+        const response = await client.callTool({
+          name: "binary_overview",
+          arguments: {},
+        });
+        expect(response.isError).toBe(true);
+        expect(parseMcpToolError(response).error).toMatchObject({
+          code: "unreadable_output",
+          details: { operation },
+        });
+      }
+      inventory = [{ address: "0x1000", value: "canonical control" }];
+      const response = await client.callTool({
+        name: "binary_overview",
+        arguments: {},
+      });
+      expect(response.isError).not.toBe(true);
+      expect(jsonResult(response)).toMatchObject({
+        document: "fixture",
+        procedure_count: operation === "list_procedures" ? 1 : 2,
+        string_count: operation === "list_strings" ? 1 : 700,
+      });
+    },
+  );
+
   it("rejects paginated provider output", async () => {
     const client = await connect({
       execute: () =>