From cc13c5d095048cc53bbc05e7f0342ad85ea60380 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: morluto <76467478+morluto@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 2026 19:34:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] fix(native): preserve unknown ARM64 subtype in hardening
 (#9600)

---
 src/domain/apple/machoCpuIdentity.ts          | 23 +++++++--
 src/native/hardening/MachoHardening.ts        | 18 +++++--
 tests/boundary/mcp/binaryHardeningMcp.test.ts | 49 ++++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/domain/apple/machoCpuIdentity.ts b/src/domain/apple/machoCpuIdentity.ts
index cb16f9647f..37fe90db80 100644
--- a/src/domain/apple/machoCpuIdentity.ts
+++ b/src/domain/apple/machoCpuIdentity.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,24 @@ const CPU_SUBTYPE_CAPABILITY_MASK = 0xff000000;
 export const machoCpuSubtypeBase = (cpuSubtype: number): number =>
   cpuSubtype & ~CPU_SUBTYPE_CAPABILITY_MASK;
 
+/** Known ARM64 subtype identity, distinct from the family display fallback. */
+export const machoKnownArm64Subtype = (
+  cpuSubtype: number,
+): string | undefined => {
+  switch (machoCpuSubtypeBase(cpuSubtype)) {
+    case 0:
+      return "arm64";
+    case 1:
+      return "arm64v8";
+    case 2:
+      return "arm64e";
+    case 12:
+      return "arm64e.x1";
+    default:
+      return undefined;
+  }
+};
+
 /**
  * Display known byte-header identities without inferring pointer-auth ABI names.
  * Subtype 12: llvm-project b8007a8e4020b8bca2b12e941660e10bf5bf6716,
@@ -16,10 +34,7 @@ export const machoArchitectureName = (
 ): string => {
   const subtype = machoCpuSubtypeBase(cpuSubtype);
   if (cpuType === 0x0100000c) {
-    if (subtype === 12) return "arm64e.x1";
-    if (subtype === 2) return "arm64e";
-    if (subtype === 1) return "arm64v8";
-    return "arm64";
+    return machoKnownArm64Subtype(cpuSubtype) ?? "arm64";
   }
   if (cpuType === 0x0200000c) return "arm64_32";
   if (cpuType === 0x01000007) return subtype === 8 ? "x86_64h" : "x86_64";
diff --git a/src/native/hardening/MachoHardening.ts b/src/native/hardening/MachoHardening.ts
index 08eba9e373..021a9b905d 100644
--- a/src/native/hardening/MachoHardening.ts
+++ b/src/native/hardening/MachoHardening.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { validateFatSliceIdentity } from "../../domain/apple/machoContainer.js";
-import { machoArchitectureName } from "../../domain/apple/machoCpuIdentity.js";
+import {
+  machoArchitectureName,
+  machoKnownArm64Subtype,
+} from "../../domain/apple/machoCpuIdentity.js";
 import {
   MACHO_HEADER_FLAGS_OFFSET,
   readMachoLinkeditDataCommand,
@@ -386,7 +389,6 @@ const buildRows = (
       flagLocation,
     );
   };
-  const architecture = machoArchitectureName(header.cpuType, header.cpuSubtype);
   const pie =
     header.fileType === MH_DYLIB || header.fileType === MH_BUNDLE
       ? row(
@@ -435,7 +437,7 @@ const buildRows = (
           },
         ),
     encryptionRow(encrypted),
-    arm64Row(header.cpuType, architecture, ref.offset),
+    arm64Row(header.cpuType, header.cpuSubtype, ref.offset),
     stackRow(bytes, ref, header.wide, symtab),
     row(
       "hardened_runtime",
@@ -523,7 +525,7 @@ const encryptionRow = (encrypted: MachoSliceEncryption): BinaryHardeningRow => {
 
 const arm64Row = (
   cpuType: number,
-  architecture: string,
+  cpuSubtype: number,
   sliceOffset: number,
 ): BinaryHardeningRow => {
   const location = { offset: sliceOffset + 8, bytes: 4 };
@@ -534,6 +536,14 @@ const arm64Row = (
       `CPU type 0x${cpuType.toString(16)} is not ARM64.`,
       location,
     );
+  const architecture = machoKnownArm64Subtype(cpuSubtype);
+  if (architecture === undefined)
+    return row(
+      "arm64e",
+      "unknown",
+      `Unrecognized ARM64 CPU subtype 0x${(cpuSubtype >>> 0).toString(16)}; arm64e status is unknown.`,
+      { offset: sliceOffset + 8, bytes: 4 },
+    );
   const enabled = architecture === "arm64e" || architecture === "arm64e.x1";
   return row(
     "arm64e",
diff --git a/tests/boundary/mcp/binaryHardeningMcp.test.ts b/tests/boundary/mcp/binaryHardeningMcp.test.ts
index 2188163f2c..f1c61c8fc9 100644
--- a/tests/boundary/mcp/binaryHardeningMcp.test.ts
+++ b/tests/boundary/mcp/binaryHardeningMcp.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ import { join } from "node:path";
 import { expect } from "vitest";
 import { toolContract } from "../../../src/contracts/toolContracts.js";
 import { createServer } from "../../../src/server/createServer.js";
-import { elfHardeningFixture } from "../../../src/native/hardening/BinaryHardening.fixture.js";
+import {
+  elfHardeningFixture,
+  machoHardeningFixture,
+} from "../../../src/native/hardening/BinaryHardening.fixture.js";
 import { createTestBinarySession } from "../../fixtures/binarySession.js";
 import { createTestTempDirectory } from "../../fixtures/temporaryDirectory.js";
 import { mcpTest } from "../../support/mcp/mcpFixture.js";
@@ -63,3 +66,47 @@ mcpTest(
   },
   60_000,
 );
+
+mcpTest(
+  "reports an unknown ARM64 subtype without treating its display fallback as arm64e proof",
+  async ({ mcp }) => {
+    const session = createTestBinarySession(() => {
+      throw new Error("Must not start a deep provider");
+    });
+    const client = await mcp.connect(
+      createServer({ kind: "session", session }),
+    );
+    try {
+      const root = await createTestTempDirectory("rea-arm64-subtype-");
+      const path = join(root, "image");
+      for (const [subtype, state] of [
+        [0, "disabled"],
+        [1, "disabled"],
+        [2, "enabled"],
+        [0x8000000c, "enabled"],
+        [3, "unknown"],
+      ] as const) {
+        const bytes = machoHardeningFixture({ cpuSubtype: subtype });
+        await writeFile(path, bytes);
+        const response = await client.callTool({
+          name: "inspect_binary_hardening",
+          arguments: { path },
+        });
+        expect(response.isError, JSON.stringify(response.content)).not.toBe(
+          true,
+        );
+        const evidence = toolContract(
+          "inspect_binary_hardening",
+        ).outputSchema.parse(response.structuredContent);
+        const image = evidence.normalized_result.images[0];
+        expect(image?.status).toBe("parsed");
+        expect(
+          image?.rows.find((row) => row.property === "arm64e")?.state,
+        ).toBe(state);
+      }
+    } finally {
+      await session.close();
+    }
+  },
+  60_000,
+);