diff --git a/src/captures/TsharkCaptureProvider.ts b/src/captures/TsharkCaptureProvider.ts
index ab8546e19d..55dadaa8d4 100644
--- a/src/captures/TsharkCaptureProvider.ts
+++ b/src/captures/TsharkCaptureProvider.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
 import { parsePacketOutput } from "./parsePacketOutput.js";
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import { constants } from "node:fs";
-import { access, mkdir, realpath, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { access, mkdir, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { isAbsolute, join } from "node:path";
 import {
   createAnalysisExecution,
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ import {
   type ArtifactAnalysisRuntime,
 } from "../process/ArtifactAnalysisResources.js";
 import { readStableArtifact } from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import {
+  assertArtifactCommandPath,
+  selectArtifactCommandPath,
+} from "../process/ArtifactCommandPath.js";
 import {
   AnalysisError,
   type AnalysisCapturedOutput,
@@ -155,7 +159,11 @@ export class TsharkCaptureProvider implements PacketCapturePort {
         throw new Error(
           `TShark 4.x was not found on PATH; add it to PATH or set absolute ${TSHARK_COMMAND_ENV}.`,
         );
-      const command = await realpath(configured);
+      const selectedCommand = await selectArtifactCommandPath(
+        configured,
+        options?.signal,
+      );
+      const command = selectedCommand.resolvedPath;
       await access(command, constants.X_OK);
       const toolSnapshot = await this.#resources.read(
         command,
@@ -167,7 +175,11 @@ export class TsharkCaptureProvider implements PacketCapturePort {
         this.environment.REA_TSHARK_PRLIMIT_COMMAND ?? "/usr/bin/prlimit";
       if (!isAbsolute(configuredLimiter))
         throw new Error("REA_TSHARK_PRLIMIT_COMMAND must be absolute.");
-      const limiter = await realpath(configuredLimiter);
+      const selectedLimiter = await selectArtifactCommandPath(
+        configuredLimiter,
+        options?.signal,
+      );
+      const limiter = selectedLimiter.resolvedPath;
       await access(limiter, constants.X_OK);
       const limiterIdentity = await this.#resources.read(
         limiter,
@@ -175,7 +187,10 @@ export class TsharkCaptureProvider implements PacketCapturePort {
         options?.signal,
       );
       effectiveLimits = await this.#resources.readLimits(limits);
-      const limitArguments = prlimitArgumentVector(effectiveLimits, command);
+      const limitArguments = prlimitArgumentVector(
+        effectiveLimits,
+        selectedCommand.invocationPath,
+      );
       phase = "workspace";
       root = await this.createRuntime();
       this.#resources.retain(root, undefined);
@@ -184,9 +199,15 @@ export class TsharkCaptureProvider implements PacketCapturePort {
       await mkdir(configurationPath, { mode: 0o700 });
       const execute = async (args: readonly string[]) => {
         capturedOutput = undefined;
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selectedCommand, operation, {
+          signal: options?.signal,
+        });
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selectedLimiter, operation, {
+          signal: options?.signal,
+        });
         const output = await runOwnedCommand(
           {
-            command: limiter,
+            command: selectedLimiter.invocationPath,
             arguments: [...limitArguments, ...args],
             ...(root === undefined ? {} : { cwd: root.path }),
             expectedCommand: null,
@@ -209,6 +230,12 @@ export class TsharkCaptureProvider implements PacketCapturePort {
           },
         );
         capturedOutput = artifactCommandOutput(output);
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selectedCommand, operation, {
+          capturedOutput,
+        });
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selectedLimiter, operation, {
+          capturedOutput,
+        });
         const current = await this.#resources.readCommandAfterRun(
           command,
           { path: limiter, sha256: limiterIdentity.sha256 },
diff --git a/src/native/LldbCallTracer.ts b/src/native/LldbCallTracer.ts
index c2c5d510ce..fbce86001d 100644
--- a/src/native/LldbCallTracer.ts
+++ b/src/native/LldbCallTracer.ts
@@ -1404,7 +1404,9 @@ const runLldb = async (
       command: executable,
       arguments: arguments_,
       runId: randomUUID(),
-      expectedCommand: executable,
+      // xcrun-selected toolchains may supply interpreter or exec launchers.
+      // Cleanup still requires native generation and run-token ownership.
+      expectedCommand: null,
       signal: deadline.signal,
       hostEnvironment: options.environment,
     });
diff --git a/src/pcap/PcapProvider.ts b/src/pcap/PcapProvider.ts
index 586e860321..7f83311579 100644
--- a/src/pcap/PcapProvider.ts
+++ b/src/pcap/PcapProvider.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,11 @@ import { ArtifactReaderFailure } from "../artifacts/ArtifactReader.js";
 import { artifactFileCancellationCause } from "../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { ArtifactAnalysisResources } from "../process/ArtifactAnalysisResources.js";
 import { readLinuxResourceLimits } from "../process/LinuxResourceLimits.js";
-import { realpath } from "node:fs/promises";
+import {
+  assertArtifactCommandPath,
+  selectArtifactCommandPath,
+  type ArtifactCommandPath,
+} from "../process/ArtifactCommandPath.js";
 
 export const PCAP_PROVIDER_IDENTITY = {
   id: "pcap",
@@ -208,7 +212,7 @@ export class PcapProvider {
   private readonly launcher: PcapCommandLauncher | undefined;
   private readonly wiresharkIdentities = new Map<
     string,
-    { readonly path: string; readonly identity: WiresharkExecutableIdentity }
+    ArtifactCommandPath & { readonly identity: WiresharkExecutableIdentity }
   >();
   private readonly snapshots = new Set<PcapSnapshot>();
   private readonly snapshotFailures = new Map<
@@ -282,21 +286,22 @@ export class PcapProvider {
     const selected = this.wiresharkIdentities.get(command);
     try {
       if (selected !== undefined) {
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selected, operation, { signal });
         const before = await this.readToolIdentity(
           operation,
-          selected.path,
+          selected.resolvedPath,
           signal,
         );
         assertWiresharkExecutableIdentity(
           operation,
-          selected.path,
+          selected.resolvedPath,
           selected.identity,
           wiresharkExecutableIdentity(before),
         );
       }
       output = await runPcapCommand({
         operation,
-        command: selected?.path ?? command,
+        command: selected?.invocationPath ?? command,
         arguments: args,
         limits,
         signal,
@@ -327,10 +332,20 @@ export class PcapProvider {
       });
       commandReturned = true;
       if (selected !== undefined) {
-        const after = await this.readToolIdentity(operation, selected.path);
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selected, operation, {
+          capturedOutput: {
+            stdout: output.stdout,
+            stderr: output.stderr,
+            truncated: output.cleanup?.capturedOutput.truncated ?? false,
+          },
+        });
+        const after = await this.readToolIdentity(
+          operation,
+          selected.resolvedPath,
+        );
         assertWiresharkExecutableIdentity(
           operation,
-          selected.path,
+          selected.resolvedPath,
           selected.identity,
           wiresharkExecutableIdentity(after),
           {
@@ -403,9 +418,9 @@ export class PcapProvider {
     ] as const) {
       const path = locateWiresharkTool(selected, this.environment);
       if (path === undefined) continue;
-      let resolvedPath: string;
+      let commandPath: ArtifactCommandPath;
       try {
-        resolvedPath = await realpath(path);
+        commandPath = await selectArtifactCommandPath(path, signal);
       } catch (cause) {
         if (
           cause instanceof Error &&
@@ -422,11 +437,11 @@ export class PcapProvider {
       }
       const snapshot = await this.readToolIdentity(
         operation,
-        resolvedPath,
+        commandPath.resolvedPath,
         signal,
       );
       this.wiresharkIdentities.set(selected.command, {
-        path: resolvedPath,
+        ...commandPath,
         identity: wiresharkExecutableIdentity(snapshot),
       });
     }
@@ -461,7 +476,8 @@ export class PcapProvider {
         tshark_source: selection.tshark.source,
         tshark_version: identity.tsharkVersion,
         tshark_resolved_path:
-          this.wiresharkIdentities.get(selection.tshark.command)?.path ?? null,
+          this.wiresharkIdentities.get(selection.tshark.command)
+            ?.resolvedPath ?? null,
         tshark_sha256:
           this.wiresharkIdentities.get(selection.tshark.command)?.identity
             .sha256 ?? null,
@@ -474,8 +490,8 @@ export class PcapProvider {
         capinfos_source: selection.capinfos.source,
         capinfos_version: identity.capinfosVersion,
         capinfos_resolved_path:
-          this.wiresharkIdentities.get(selection.capinfos.command)?.path ??
-          null,
+          this.wiresharkIdentities.get(selection.capinfos.command)
+            ?.resolvedPath ?? null,
         capinfos_sha256:
           this.wiresharkIdentities.get(selection.capinfos.command)?.identity
             .sha256 ?? null,
diff --git a/src/process/ArtifactCommandPath.ts b/src/process/ArtifactCommandPath.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdeabe1f0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/process/ArtifactCommandPath.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { realpath } from "node:fs/promises";
+
+import { assertArtifactReadActive } from "../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
+import type { AnalysisCapturedOutput } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
+import { AnalysisArtifactChangedError } from "../domain/analysisErrorCore.js";
+
+/** The selected launch spelling and the physical file whose bytes are fingerprinted. */
+export interface ArtifactCommandPath {
+  readonly invocationPath: string;
+  readonly resolvedPath: string;
+}
+
+/** Resolve identity without changing the caller's absolute executable selection. */
+export const selectArtifactCommandPath = async (
+  invocationPath: string,
+  signal?: AbortSignal,
+): Promise<ArtifactCommandPath> => {
+  assertArtifactReadActive(signal);
+  const resolvedPath = await realpath(invocationPath);
+  assertArtifactReadActive(signal);
+  return Object.freeze({ invocationPath, resolvedPath });
+};
+
+/** An invocation must still select the admitted physical executable. */
+export const assertArtifactCommandPath = async (
+  selected: ArtifactCommandPath,
+  operation: string,
+  options: {
+    readonly signal?: AbortSignal | undefined;
+    readonly capturedOutput?: AnalysisCapturedOutput;
+  } = {},
+): Promise<void> => {
+  assertArtifactReadActive(options.signal);
+  const changed = (cause?: unknown) =>
+    new AnalysisArtifactChangedError(
+      operation,
+      selected.invocationPath,
+      "Selected command no longer resolves to its admitted executable.",
+      {
+        cause,
+        ...(options.capturedOutput === undefined
+          ? {}
+          : { capturedOutput: options.capturedOutput }),
+      },
+    );
+  let current: string;
+  try {
+    current = await realpath(selected.invocationPath);
+  } catch (cause: unknown) {
+    if (
+      cause instanceof Error &&
+      "code" in cause &&
+      (cause.code === "ENOENT" || cause.code === "ENOTDIR")
+    )
+      throw changed(cause);
+    throw cause;
+  }
+  if (current !== selected.resolvedPath) throw changed();
+  assertArtifactReadActive(options.signal);
+};
diff --git a/src/signals/SigrokRecordingProvider.ts b/src/signals/SigrokRecordingProvider.ts
index 09e43454d2..5a05a11fd1 100644
--- a/src/signals/SigrokRecordingProvider.ts
+++ b/src/signals/SigrokRecordingProvider.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import {
 } from "../process/LinuxResourceLimits.js";
 import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import { constants } from "node:fs";
-import { access, realpath, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { access, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { basename, isAbsolute, join } from "node:path";
 import {
   createAnalysisExecution,
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ import {
   type ArtifactAnalysisRuntime,
 } from "../process/ArtifactAnalysisResources.js";
 import { readStableArtifact } from "../artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import {
+  assertArtifactCommandPath,
+  selectArtifactCommandPath,
+} from "../process/ArtifactCommandPath.js";
 import {
   AnalysisError,
   type AnalysisCapturedOutput,
@@ -147,7 +151,11 @@ export class SigrokRecordingProvider implements SignalRecordingPort {
         throw new Error(
           "Supply absolute REA_SIGROK_COMMAND for sigrok-cli 0.7.2 with libsigrokdecode.",
         );
-      const command = await realpath(configured);
+      const selectedCommand = await selectArtifactCommandPath(
+        configured,
+        options?.signal,
+      );
+      const command = selectedCommand.resolvedPath;
       await access(command, constants.X_OK);
       const tool = await this.#resources.read(
         command,
@@ -158,7 +166,11 @@ export class SigrokRecordingProvider implements SignalRecordingPort {
         this.environment.REA_SIGROK_PRLIMIT_COMMAND ?? "/usr/bin/prlimit";
       if (!isAbsolute(configuredLimiter))
         throw new Error("REA_SIGROK_PRLIMIT_COMMAND must be absolute.");
-      const limiter = await realpath(configuredLimiter);
+      const selectedLimiter = await selectArtifactCommandPath(
+        configuredLimiter,
+        options?.signal,
+      );
+      const limiter = selectedLimiter.resolvedPath;
       await access(limiter, constants.X_OK);
       const limiterIdentity = await this.#resources.read(
         limiter,
@@ -166,7 +178,10 @@ export class SigrokRecordingProvider implements SignalRecordingPort {
         options?.signal,
       );
       effectiveLimits = await this.#resources.readLimits(LIMITS);
-      const limitArguments = prlimitArgumentVector(effectiveLimits, command);
+      const limitArguments = prlimitArgumentVector(
+        effectiveLimits,
+        selectedCommand.invocationPath,
+      );
       phase = "workspace";
       root = await this.createRuntime();
       this.#resources.retain(root, undefined);
@@ -180,9 +195,15 @@ export class SigrokRecordingProvider implements SignalRecordingPort {
         selection?: SigrokSelection,
       ) => {
         capturedOutput = undefined;
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selectedCommand, operation, {
+          signal: options?.signal,
+        });
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selectedLimiter, operation, {
+          signal: options?.signal,
+        });
         const output = await runOwnedCommand(
           {
-            command: limiter,
+            command: selectedLimiter.invocationPath,
             arguments: [...limitArguments, ...args],
             ...(root === undefined ? {} : { cwd: root.path }),
             expectedCommand: null,
@@ -202,6 +223,12 @@ export class SigrokRecordingProvider implements SignalRecordingPort {
           },
         );
         capturedOutput = artifactCommandOutput(output);
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selectedCommand, operation, {
+          capturedOutput,
+        });
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(selectedLimiter, operation, {
+          capturedOutput,
+        });
         const current = await this.#resources.readCommandAfterRun(
           command,
           { path: limiter, sha256: limiterIdentity.sha256 },
diff --git a/src/wasm/WabtArtifactProvider.test.ts b/src/wasm/WabtArtifactProvider.test.ts
index f189844891..d794e31cbd 100644
--- a/src/wasm/WabtArtifactProvider.test.ts
+++ b/src/wasm/WabtArtifactProvider.test.ts
@@ -284,7 +284,6 @@ it.each([
             "-e",
             `process.stdout.write(${JSON.stringify(stdout)}); process.stderr.write(${JSON.stringify(stderr)});`,
           ],
-          expectedCommand: null,
         });
       },
     );
@@ -497,7 +496,6 @@ it.each([
             "-e",
             `process.stdout.write(${JSON.stringify(selected ? stdout : "1.0.42\n")}); process.stderr.write(${JSON.stringify(selected ? stderr : "")}); process.exit(${String(selected ? exitCode : 0)});`,
           ],
-          expectedCommand: null,
         });
       },
     );
@@ -564,7 +562,6 @@ it("retries a retained input descriptor before admitting the next WABT operation
           "-e",
           `process.stdout.write(${JSON.stringify(stdout)}); process.exit(0);`,
         ],
-        expectedCommand: null,
       });
       return launched;
     },
@@ -768,7 +765,6 @@ const launchWabtOutcome = async (
     hostEnvironment: nodeHostEnvironment(input.hostEnvironment),
     command: process.execPath,
     arguments: ["-e", script],
-    expectedCommand: null,
   });
   if (!version && mode === "cancelled") {
     setImmediate(() => controller.abort());
@@ -793,7 +789,6 @@ it("enforces a selected command deadline and completes a corrected retry after c
             "-e",
             'setTimeout(() => process.stdout.write("1.0.42\\n"), 250)',
           ],
-          expectedCommand: null,
         });
       }
       return launchWabtOutcome(input, "success", {
@@ -1237,7 +1232,6 @@ it("reports WABT output beyond the budget as a resource constraint with a bounde
         hostEnvironment: nodeHostEnvironment(input.hostEnvironment),
         command: process.execPath,
         arguments: ["-e", script],
-        expectedCommand: null,
       });
     },
   );
@@ -1302,7 +1296,6 @@ it("does not attribute wasm-objdump output to a wasm2wat launch failure", async
         hostEnvironment: nodeHostEnvironment(input.hostEnvironment),
         command: process.execPath,
         arguments: ["-e", script],
-        expectedCommand: null,
       });
     },
   );
diff --git a/src/wasm/WabtArtifactProvider.ts b/src/wasm/WabtArtifactProvider.ts
index e555444816..9c6b61ff92 100644
--- a/src/wasm/WabtArtifactProvider.ts
+++ b/src/wasm/WabtArtifactProvider.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { randomUUID, createHash } from "node:crypto";
-import { access, realpath, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { access, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { constants } from "node:fs";
 import { isAbsolute, join } from "node:path";
+import { appendCallerPath } from "../filesystem/callerPath.js";
 import type {
   WasmArtifactExecutionOptions,
   WasmArtifactExecution,
@@ -45,6 +46,12 @@ import {
 import { err, ok, type Result } from "../domain/result.js";
 import { runOwnedCommand } from "../process/OwnedCommand.js";
 import { PrivateRuntimeRoot } from "../process/PrivateRuntimeRoot.js";
+import { artifactCommandOutput } from "../process/ArtifactAnalysisResources.js";
+import {
+  assertArtifactCommandPath,
+  selectArtifactCommandPath,
+  type ArtifactCommandPath,
+} from "../process/ArtifactCommandPath.js";
 import { WabtRuntime } from "./WabtRuntime.js";
 import {
   WABT_PROVIDER_IDENTITY,
@@ -212,18 +219,21 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
         sha256: string;
         version_banner: string;
         arguments: string[];
+        selection: ArtifactCommandPath;
       }[] = [];
       for (const tool of [
         "wasm-validate",
         "wasm-objdump",
         "wasm2wat",
       ] as const) {
-        const path = await realpath(
-          join(
+        const selection = await selectArtifactCommandPath(
+          appendCallerPath(
             directory,
             `${tool}${process.platform === "win32" ? ".exe" : ""}`,
           ),
+          options?.signal,
         );
+        const path = selection.resolvedPath;
         await access(path, constants.X_OK);
         const binary = await readStableArtifact(
           path,
@@ -235,6 +245,7 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
         commands.push({
           tool,
           path,
+          selection,
           sha256: binary.sha256,
           version_banner: "",
           arguments:
@@ -265,6 +276,7 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
             OPERATION,
             input.path,
             "Private WASM snapshot bytes changed.",
+            { capturedOutput },
           );
       };
       const execute = async (
@@ -273,13 +285,16 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
         acceptNonZeroExit = false,
       ) => {
         capturedOutput = undefined;
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(command.selection, OPERATION, options);
         await verifySnapshot();
         const snapshot = await runOwnedCommand(
           {
-            command: command.path,
+            command: command.selection.invocationPath,
             arguments: args,
             cwd: root.path,
-            expectedCommand: command.path,
+            // Trusted caller tools may be interpreter shims; run-token, parent
+            // and process-group identity own cleanup after their exec handoff.
+            expectedCommand: null,
             runId: `rea-wabt-${randomUUID()}`,
             hostEnvironment: this.environment,
           },
@@ -295,6 +310,11 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
             ...(this.launcher === undefined ? {} : { launcher: this.launcher }),
           },
         );
+        capturedOutput = artifactCommandOutput(snapshot);
+        await assertArtifactCommandPath(command.selection, OPERATION, {
+          ...(options?.signal === undefined ? {} : { signal: options.signal }),
+          capturedOutput,
+        });
         const current = await readStableArtifact(
           command.path,
           WABT_LIMITS.toolBytes,
@@ -306,6 +326,7 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
           throw new AnalysisOutputError(
             OPERATION,
             "Configured WABT executable changed during inspection.",
+            { capturedOutput },
           );
         await verifySnapshot();
         return snapshot;
@@ -347,10 +368,13 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
         source: "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt",
         release: WABT_VERSION,
         source_commit: "ff0ef7e0009402740c805a9744c09b05be063e48",
-        commands,
+        commands: commands.map(
+          ({ selection: _selection, ...command }) => command,
+        ),
         timeout_ms: commandTimeoutMs,
         output_budget_bytes: WABT_LIMITS.outputBytes,
       };
+      capturedOutput = undefined;
       phase = "artifact";
       const selected = await readSelectedInput(input.path, (snapshot) => {
         const observed = {
@@ -457,11 +481,7 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
                 ],
               },
             ),
-            capturedOutput: {
-              stdout: validation.stdout.text,
-              stderr: validation.stderr.text,
-              truncated: false,
-            },
+            capturedOutput: artifactCommandOutput(validation),
           },
           [
             {
@@ -488,11 +508,7 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
             OPERATION,
             "Unexpected WABT diagnostic output.",
             {
-              capturedOutput: {
-                stdout: output.stdout.text,
-                stderr: output.stderr.text,
-                truncated: false,
-              },
+              capturedOutput: artifactCommandOutput(output),
             },
           );
         if (warnings.length > 0)
@@ -500,23 +516,14 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
       };
       retainWarnings("wasm-validate", validation);
       const dump = await execute(objdump, objdump.arguments);
-      capturedOutput = {
-        stdout: dump.stdout.text,
-        stderr: dump.stderr.text,
-        truncated: false,
-      };
       retainWarnings("wasm-objdump", dump);
       const wat = await execute(decode, decode.arguments);
-      capturedOutput = {
-        stdout: wat.stdout.text,
-        stderr: wat.stderr.text,
-        truncated: false,
-      };
       retainWarnings("wasm2wat", wat);
       if (!wat.stdout.text.startsWith("(module"))
         throw new AnalysisOutputError(
           OPERATION,
           "Unexpected WABT decoding output.",
+          { capturedOutput },
         );
       const {
         imports,
@@ -545,11 +552,7 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
         optionalLimitations.push(
           "WABT reported optional custom-section interpretation warnings; exact warning output is retained in custom_section_warnings.",
         );
-      capturedOutput = {
-        stdout: dump.stdout.text,
-        stderr: dump.stderr.text,
-        truncated: false,
-      };
+      capturedOutput = artifactCommandOutput(dump);
       const { sections, headers, details } = parseWabtOutput(
         dump.stdout.text,
         selected.bytes.length,
@@ -606,6 +609,7 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
         {
           commandTimeoutMs,
           inputField: artifactInput.field,
+          observedOutput: capturedOutput,
           ...(versionProbe === undefined ? {} : { versionProbe }),
         },
       );
@@ -614,19 +618,7 @@ export class WabtArtifactProvider implements WasmArtifactPort {
         if (partial !== undefined) failure.retainPartialObservation(partial);
       }
       runtime?.retainCommandFailure(cause, failure, this.#resources);
-      result = err(
-        failure instanceof AnalysisOutputError &&
-          failure.capturedOutput === undefined &&
-          capturedOutput !== undefined
-          ? new AnalysisOutputError(OPERATION, failure.reason, {
-              cause: failure,
-              capturedOutput,
-              cleanup: failure.cleanup,
-              diagnostics: failure.diagnostics,
-              partialObservation: failure.partialObservation,
-            }).bindCleanupDependencies([failure])
-          : failure,
-      );
+      result = err(failure);
     }
     if (runtime !== undefined) {
       const cleanup = await this.#resources.release({
diff --git a/src/wasm/WabtFailures.ts b/src/wasm/WabtFailures.ts
index 1a810d54ee..7348621b18 100644
--- a/src/wasm/WabtFailures.ts
+++ b/src/wasm/WabtFailures.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import {
 } from "../artifacts/ArtifactFileOperation.js";
 import { boundedUtf8Text } from "../process/boundedUtf8Text.js";
 import type { ProviderProcessSnapshot } from "../process/ProviderProcess.js";
-import { AnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
+import {
+  AnalysisError,
+  type AnalysisCapturedOutput,
+} from "../domain/analysisErrorBase.js";
 import { projectAnalysisError } from "../domain/analysisErrorProjection.js";
 import {
   AnalysisCancelledError,
@@ -48,6 +51,7 @@ type WabtFailureContext = {
   readonly commandTimeoutMs: number;
   readonly versionProbe?: WabtVersionProbe;
   readonly inputField?: readonly (string | number)[];
+  readonly observedOutput?: AnalysisCapturedOutput | undefined;
 };
 
 /** Configuration is captured by the server; fixing files and changing its environment are distinct repairs. */
@@ -99,8 +103,12 @@ const classifyWabtFailure = (
   if (cause instanceof AnalysisError) return cause;
   const artifactCleanup =
     cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure ? cause.cleanup : undefined;
-  const cleanupOptions =
-    artifactCleanup === undefined ? {} : { cleanup: artifactCleanup };
+  const artifactOptions = {
+    ...(artifactCleanup === undefined ? {} : { cleanup: artifactCleanup }),
+    ...(execution?.observedOutput === undefined
+      ? {}
+      : { capturedOutput: execution.observedOutput }),
+  };
   const reason = cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : String(cause);
   if (
     (cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure && cause.reason === "cancelled") ||
@@ -111,7 +119,7 @@ const classifyWabtFailure = (
         cause instanceof ArtifactReaderFailure
           ? artifactFileCancellationCause(cause)
           : cause,
-      ...cleanupOptions,
+      ...artifactOptions,
     });
   if (cause instanceof OwnedCommandFailure) {
     const capturedOutput =
@@ -224,7 +232,7 @@ const classifyWabtFailure = (
       cause.message,
       {
         cause,
-        ...cleanupOptions,
+        ...artifactOptions,
         userMessage: `Configured WABT tools exceed the ${String(WABT_LIMITS.toolBytes)}-byte tool allowance. This release has no runtime override.`,
         remediationAction: `The WABT tool allowance is ${String(WABT_LIMITS.toolBytes)} bytes. This release has no runtime override. command_timeout_ms and REA_WABT_BIN_DIRECTORY do not raise it. Select tools within the allowance. Do not repeat the unchanged call.`,
       },
@@ -236,7 +244,7 @@ const classifyWabtFailure = (
       reason,
       {
         cause,
-        ...cleanupOptions,
+        ...artifactOptions,
         userMessage: reason,
         remediationAction: wabtConfigurationRecoveryAction(cause),
       },
@@ -254,7 +262,7 @@ const classifyWabtFailure = (
       { maximum_input_bytes: WABT_LIMITS.inputBytes },
       {
         cause,
-        ...cleanupOptions,
+        ...artifactOptions,
         retryable: false,
         remediationAction: `Select a suitable stable artifact within the reported ${String(WABT_LIMITS.inputBytes)}-byte input byte allowance. This release has no runtime override. command_timeout_ms does not raise it. Do not truncate required bytes; retrying the unchanged oversized input will fail again.`,
       },
@@ -268,7 +276,7 @@ const classifyWabtFailure = (
       "inspect_wasm_artifact",
       path,
       reason,
-      { cause, ...cleanupOptions },
+      { cause, ...artifactOptions },
     );
   if (
     phase === "artifact" &&
@@ -280,12 +288,12 @@ const classifyWabtFailure = (
       "inspect_wasm_artifact",
       path,
       cause.code,
-      { cause, ...cleanupOptions },
+      { cause, ...artifactOptions },
     );
   if (phase === "artifact")
     return new AnalysisInputError(
       "inspect_wasm_artifact",
-      { cause, ...cleanupOptions },
+      { cause, ...artifactOptions },
       [
         {
           path: [...(execution?.inputField ?? ["path"])],
@@ -296,6 +304,6 @@ const classifyWabtFailure = (
     );
   return new AnalysisOutputError("inspect_wasm_artifact", reason, {
     cause,
-    ...cleanupOptions,
+    ...artifactOptions,
   });
 };
diff --git a/tests/acceptance/tools/wabtLauncherIdentity.test.ts b/tests/acceptance/tools/wabtLauncherIdentity.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57a26e24f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/acceptance/tools/wabtLauncherIdentity.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+import {
+  access,
+  chmod,
+  mkdir,
+  readFile,
+  readdir,
+  symlink,
+  writeFile,
+} from "node:fs/promises";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import { expect } from "vitest";
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+import { analysisErrorProjectionSchema } from "../../../src/contracts/errorSchemas.js";
+import { parseEvidence } from "../../../src/domain/evidence.js";
+import { wasmArtifactSchema } from "../../../src/domain/wasm/wasmArtifact.js";
+import { observeProcessStartIdentity } from "../../../src/process/ProcessOwnershipObservation.js";
+import { createTestTempDirectory } from "../../fixtures/temporaryDirectory.js";
+import { cliTest } from "../../support/cli/cliFixture.js";
+
+const tools = ["wasm-validate", "wasm-objdump", "wasm2wat"] as const;
+const commandTraceSchema = z.object({
+  tool: z.enum(tools),
+  pid: z.int().positive(),
+  cwd: z.string(),
+  run_id: z.string(),
+  version: z.boolean(),
+  snapshot_sha256: z.string().nullable(),
+});
+const fixtureUrl = (name: string) =>
+  fileURLToPath(new URL(`../../fixtures/wasm/${name}`, import.meta.url));
+
+/** Real shell/Node launchers with authored WABT output, not installed WABT engines. */
+const createFixture = async () => {
+  const root = await createTestTempDirectory("rea-wabt-launcher-");
+  const artifact = join(root, "selected module.wasm");
+  const hold = join(root, "hold-decoder");
+  const trace = join(root, "commands.jsonl");
+  const scratch = join(root, "scratch");
+  const runner = join(root, "wabt-runner.cjs");
+  await mkdir(scratch);
+  const bytes = Buffer.from(
+    "0061736d01000000010401600000020b0103656e7603666f6f0000030201000503010001071002066d656d6f727902000372756e00010a0601040001010b000c04746573747061796c6f6164",
+    "hex",
+  );
+  await writeFile(artifact, bytes);
+  await writeFile(
+    runner,
+    `
+    const fs = require("node:fs");
+    const tool = process.argv[2];
+    const version = process.argv[3] === "--version";
+    const snapshot_sha256 = version ? null : require("node:crypto").createHash("sha256").update(fs.readFileSync("module.wasm")).digest("hex");
+    fs.appendFileSync(process.env.REA_WABT_TEST_TRACE, JSON.stringify({ tool, pid: process.pid, version, cwd: process.cwd(), run_id: process.env.REA_PROCESS_RUN_ID, snapshot_sha256 }) + "\\n");
+    if (version) {
+      process.stdout.write("1.0.42\\n");
+      if (tool === "wasm-validate" && process.env.REA_WABT_TEST_REVOKE_COMMAND)
+        fs.chmodSync(process.env.REA_WABT_TEST_REVOKE_COMMAND, 0);
+    }
+    else if (tool === "wasm-objdump") { process.stdout.write(fs.readFileSync(process.env.REA_WABT_TEST_DUMP)); }
+    else if (tool === "wasm2wat") {
+      const decode = () => process.stdout.write(fs.readFileSync(process.env.REA_WABT_TEST_WAT));
+      if (fs.existsSync(process.env.REA_WABT_TEST_HOLD)) {
+        setTimeout(decode, 4000);
+      } else { decode(); }
+    }
+  `,
+  );
+  const install = async (directory: string, decoy = false) => {
+    await mkdir(directory, { recursive: true });
+    for (const tool of tools)
+      await writeFile(
+        join(directory, tool),
+        decoy
+          ? "#!/bin/sh\nprintf 'unselected-decoy\\n'\n"
+          : `#!/bin/sh\nexec "$REA_WABT_TEST_NODE" "$REA_WABT_TEST_RUNNER" "${tool}" "$@"\n`,
+        { mode: 0o700 },
+      );
+  };
+  const environment = {
+    ...process.env,
+    REA_WABT_TEST_NODE: process.execPath,
+    REA_WABT_TEST_RUNNER: runner,
+    REA_WABT_TEST_DUMP: fixtureUrl("objdump.txt"),
+    REA_WABT_TEST_WAT: fixtureUrl("decoded.wat"),
+    REA_WABT_TEST_HOLD: hold,
+    REA_WABT_TEST_TRACE: trace,
+    TMPDIR: scratch,
+    TMP: scratch,
+    TEMP: scratch,
+  };
+  return {
+    root,
+    artifact,
+    bytes,
+    hold,
+    trace,
+    scratch,
+    install,
+    environment,
+  };
+};
+
+cliTest.skipIf(process.platform === "win32")(
+  "cleans up real selected WABT interpreter shims after a command deadline",
+  async ({ cli }) => {
+    const fixture = await createFixture();
+    const selected = join(fixture.root, "selected tools");
+    await fixture.install(selected);
+    const invoke = (timeout: number) =>
+      cli.run({
+        arguments: [
+          "inspect-wasm-artifact",
+          fixture.artifact,
+          "--command-timeout-ms",
+          String(timeout),
+          "--json",
+        ],
+        environment: {
+          ...fixture.environment,
+          REA_WABT_BIN_DIRECTORY: selected,
+        },
+      });
+    const control = await invoke(10_000);
+    expect(control.exitCode, `${control.stderr}\n${control.stdout}`).toBe(0);
+    const evidence = parseEvidence(control.json);
+    const report = wasmArtifactSchema.parse(evidence.normalized_result);
+    expect(report.artifact.sha256).toBe(
+      createHash("sha256").update(fixture.bytes).digest("hex"),
+    );
+    expect(report.validation).toBe("valid");
+    const trace = (await readFile(fixture.trace, "utf8"))
+      .trim()
+      .split("\n")
+      .map((line) => commandTraceSchema.parse(JSON.parse(line)));
+    expect(trace.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(new Set(trace.map(({ cwd }) => cwd)).size).toBe(1);
+    for (const command of trace) {
+      expect(command.cwd.startsWith(join(fixture.scratch, "rea-wabt-"))).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+      expect(command.run_id).toMatch(/^rea-wabt-/u);
+      expect(command.snapshot_sha256).toBe(
+        command.version ? null : report.artifact.sha256,
+      );
+    }
+    expect(await readdir(fixture.scratch)).toEqual([]);
+
+    await writeFile(fixture.hold, "hold this invocation");
+    try {
+      const invocation = await invoke(2_000);
+      expect(invocation.exitCode, invocation.stderr).toBe(1);
+      const failure = analysisErrorProjectionSchema.parse(invocation.json);
+      expect(failure, invocation.stdout).toMatchObject({
+        code: "provider_timeout",
+        details: {
+          partial_observation: {
+            normalized_result: {
+              validation: "valid",
+              artifact: { sha256: report.artifact.sha256 },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      expect(await readdir(fixture.scratch)).toEqual([]);
+      expect((await readFile(fixture.artifact)).equals(fixture.bytes)).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+    } finally {
+      // The authored shim self-exits even on the unfixed cleanup-refusal path.
+      // Observe its actual process lifetime; token-owned cleanup can use SIGKILL.
+      const commands = (await readFile(fixture.trace, "utf8"))
+        .trim()
+        .split("\n")
+        .map((line) => commandTraceSchema.parse(JSON.parse(line)));
+      const decoder = commands.findLast(
+        (command) => command.tool === "wasm2wat" && !command.version,
+      );
+      if (decoder === undefined)
+        throw new Error("No decoder process was observed");
+      await expect
+        .poll(
+          () =>
+            observeProcessStartIdentity(decoder.pid, undefined, decoder.run_id),
+          { timeout: 6000 },
+        )
+        .toBeUndefined();
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+cliTest.skipIf(process.platform === "win32" || process.getuid?.() === 0)(
+  "retains completed WABT version output when its post-command fingerprint read is denied",
+  async ({ cli }) => {
+    const fixture = await createFixture();
+    const selected = join(fixture.root, "tools");
+    await fixture.install(selected);
+    const revoked = join(selected, "wasm-validate");
+    try {
+      const invocation = await cli.run({
+        arguments: ["inspect-wasm-artifact", fixture.artifact, "--json"],
+        environment: {
+          ...fixture.environment,
+          REA_WABT_BIN_DIRECTORY: selected,
+          REA_WABT_TEST_REVOKE_COMMAND: revoked,
+        },
+      });
+      expect(invocation.exitCode, invocation.stderr).toBe(1);
+      const failure = analysisErrorProjectionSchema.parse(invocation.json);
+      expect(failure, invocation.stdout).toMatchObject({
+        code: "capability_unavailable",
+        details: {
+          captured_output: {
+            stdout: "1.0.42\n",
+            stderr: "",
+            truncated: false,
+            exit_code: 0,
+            signal: null,
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      expect((await readFile(fixture.artifact)).equals(fixture.bytes)).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+      expect(await readdir(fixture.scratch)).toEqual([]);
+    } finally {
+      await chmod(revoked, 0o700);
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+cliTest.skipIf(process.platform === "win32")(
+  "launches selected WABT symlinks with their own sibling resources and fingerprints canonical tools",
+  async ({ cli }) => {
+    const fixture = await createFixture();
+    const targets = join(fixture.root, "canonical tools");
+    const selected = join(fixture.root, "selected links");
+    await fixture.install(targets);
+    await mkdir(selected);
+    await writeFile(
+      join(selected, "wabt-environment"),
+      "# selected installation resource\n",
+    );
+    for (const tool of tools) {
+      const target = join(targets, tool);
+      const script = await readFile(target, "utf8");
+      await writeFile(
+        target,
+        script.replace(
+          "#!/bin/sh\n",
+          '#!/bin/sh\n. "${0%/*}/wabt-environment"\n',
+        ),
+      );
+      await symlink(target, join(selected, tool));
+    }
+    const invocation = await cli.run({
+      arguments: ["inspect-wasm-artifact", fixture.artifact, "--json"],
+      environment: { ...fixture.environment, REA_WABT_BIN_DIRECTORY: selected },
+    });
+    expect(
+      invocation.exitCode,
+      `${invocation.stderr}\n${invocation.stdout}`,
+    ).toBe(0);
+    const report = wasmArtifactSchema.parse(
+      parseEvidence(invocation.json).normalized_result,
+    );
+    expect(report.tool_profile.commands.map(({ path }) => path)).toEqual(
+      tools.map((tool) => join(targets, tool)),
+    );
+    for (const command of report.tool_profile.commands)
+      expect(command.sha256).toBe(
+        createHash("sha256")
+          .update(await readFile(command.path))
+          .digest("hex"),
+      );
+    expect((await readFile(fixture.artifact)).equals(fixture.bytes)).toBe(true);
+    expect(await readdir(fixture.scratch)).toEqual([]);
+  },
+);
+
+cliTest.skipIf(process.platform === "win32")(
+  "selects a WABT directory through literal symlink and parent traversal",
+  async ({ cli }) => {
+    const fixture = await createFixture();
+    const intended = join(fixture.root, "intended");
+    await mkdir(join(intended, "nested"), { recursive: true });
+    await symlink(join(intended, "nested"), join(fixture.root, "alias"));
+    const selected = join(intended, "tools");
+    await fixture.install(selected);
+    await fixture.install(join(fixture.root, "tools"), true);
+    const invocation = await cli.run({
+      arguments: ["inspect-wasm-artifact", fixture.artifact, "--json"],
+      environment: {
+        ...fixture.environment,
+        REA_WABT_BIN_DIRECTORY: `${fixture.root}/alias/../tools`,
+      },
+    });
+    expect(
+      invocation.exitCode,
+      `${invocation.stderr}\n${invocation.stdout}`,
+    ).toBe(0);
+    const report = wasmArtifactSchema.parse(
+      parseEvidence(invocation.json).normalized_result,
+    );
+    expect(report.tool_profile.commands.map(({ path }) => path)).toEqual(
+      tools.map((tool) => join(selected, tool)),
+    );
+    for (const command of report.tool_profile.commands)
+      expect(command.sha256).toBe(
+        createHash("sha256")
+          .update(await readFile(command.path))
+          .digest("hex"),
+      );
+    expect(report.artifact.path).toBe(fixture.artifact);
+    expect((await readFile(fixture.artifact)).equals(fixture.bytes)).toBe(true);
+    expect(await readdir(fixture.scratch)).toEqual([]);
+    await expect(
+      access(join(fixture.root, "tools", "wasm-validate")),
+    ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+  },
+);
diff --git a/tests/boundary/pcap/pcapProviderCrossPlatform.test.ts b/tests/boundary/pcap/pcapProviderCrossPlatform.test.ts
index 697d2e0e5a..497e87148c 100644
--- a/tests/boundary/pcap/pcapProviderCrossPlatform.test.ts
+++ b/tests/boundary/pcap/pcapProviderCrossPlatform.test.ts
@@ -7,8 +7,19 @@
  * refusal paths, and cancellation before spawn.
  */
 import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
-import { open, readFile, realpath, symlink, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import {
+  chmod,
+  mkdir,
+  open,
+  readFile,
+  realpath,
+  symlink,
+  unlink,
+  writeFile,
+} from "node:fs/promises";
 import { join } from "node:path";
+import { execFile } from "node:child_process";
+import { promisify } from "node:util";
 import { expect, it, onTestFinished, vi } from "vitest";
 import { createTestTempDirectory } from "../../fixtures/temporaryDirectory.js";
 
@@ -47,6 +58,72 @@ const providerOver = (): PcapProvider => {
   return provider;
 };
 
+it.skipIf(isWindows)(
+  "preserves selected Wireshark wrappers and re-admits changed symlink targets after success",
+  async () => {
+    const directory = await createTestTempDirectory(
+      "rea-pcap-selected-wrapper-",
+    );
+    const bin = join(directory, "bin"),
+      libexec = join(directory, "libexec");
+    await mkdir(bin);
+    await mkdir(libexec);
+    const source = join(libexec, "wrapper"),
+      replacement = join(libexec, "replacement");
+    const script =
+      '#!/bin/sh\nselected="${0%/*}/${0##*/}"\nIFS= read -r banner < "$selected.version" || exit 19\nprintf "%s\\n" "$banner"\nif [ -f "$selected.retarget" ]; then\n  IFS= read -r target < "$selected.retarget"\n  /bin/ln -sf "$target" "$0"\nfi\n';
+    for (const path of [source, replacement]) {
+      await writeFile(path, script);
+      await chmod(path, 0o755);
+    }
+    const tshark = join(bin, "tshark"),
+      capinfos = join(bin, "capinfos");
+    for (const [path, name] of [
+      [tshark, "TShark"],
+      [capinfos, "Capinfos"],
+    ] as const) {
+      await symlink(source, path);
+      await writeFile(`${path}.version`, `${name} (Wireshark) 4.6.6-stub\n`);
+    }
+    expect(
+      (await promisify(execFile)(tshark, ["--version"])).stdout.trim(),
+    ).toBe("TShark (Wireshark) 4.6.6-stub");
+    const provider = new PcapProvider({
+      environment: {
+        REA_TSHARK_COMMAND: tshark,
+        REA_CAPINFOS_COMMAND: capinfos,
+      },
+    });
+    onTestFinished(() => provider.close());
+    const request = { operation: "inspect_pcap_client", input: {} } as const;
+    const first = await evidenceResult(provider, request);
+    expect(first.client).toMatchObject({
+      tshark_command: tshark,
+      tshark_resolved_path: await realpath(source),
+      capinfos_command: capinfos,
+    });
+    await writeFile(`${tshark}.retarget`, `${replacement}\n`);
+    const changed = await provider.execute(request);
+    if (changed.ok) throw new Error("Changed selected wrapper was accepted");
+    expect(projectAnalysisError(changed.error)).toMatchObject({
+      code: "artifact_changed",
+      details: {
+        path: tshark,
+        captured_output: { stdout: "TShark (Wireshark) 4.6.6-stub\n" },
+      },
+    });
+    await unlink(`${tshark}.retarget`);
+    const fresh = await evidenceResult(provider, request);
+    expect(fresh.client).toMatchObject({
+      tshark_command: tshark,
+      tshark_resolved_path: await realpath(replacement),
+    });
+    expect(first.client).toMatchObject({
+      tshark_resolved_path: await realpath(source),
+    });
+  },
+);
+
 const evidenceResult = async (
   provider: PcapProvider,
   request: PcapRequest,
diff --git a/tests/boundary/process/artifactSelectedCommand.test.ts b/tests/boundary/process/artifactSelectedCommand.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3a8675338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/boundary/process/artifactSelectedCommand.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import {
+  chmod,
+  mkdir,
+  readdir,
+  realpath,
+  symlink,
+  unlink,
+  writeFile,
+} from "node:fs/promises";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+import { expect, it, onTestFinished } from "vitest";
+
+import { PacketCaptureService } from "../../../src/application/captures/PacketCaptureService.js";
+import { SignalRecordingService } from "../../../src/application/signals/SignalRecordingService.js";
+import { TsharkCaptureProvider } from "../../../src/captures/TsharkCaptureProvider.js";
+import { SigrokRecordingProvider } from "../../../src/signals/SigrokRecordingProvider.js";
+import { readStableArtifact } from "../../../src/artifacts/readStableArtifact.js";
+import { PrivateRuntimeRoot } from "../../../src/process/PrivateRuntimeRoot.js";
+import type { LinuxResourceLimits } from "../../../src/process/LinuxResourceLimits.js";
+import { createTestTempDirectory } from "../../fixtures/temporaryDirectory.js";
+
+// Real children and filesystem, with simulated Linux admission/limits. These
+// scripts do not establish native TShark, sigrok or prlimit behavior.
+it.skipIf(process.platform === "win32").each(["tshark", "sigrok"] as const)(
+  "executes selected %s and limiter wrappers, retaining identity failure output after success",
+  async (kind) => {
+    const directory = await createTestTempDirectory("rea-selected-producer-");
+    const bin = join(directory, "bin"),
+      libexec = join(directory, "libexec");
+    await mkdir(bin);
+    await mkdir(libexec);
+    const command = join(bin, kind),
+      limiter = join(bin, "prlimit");
+    const commandSource = join(libexec, "producer"),
+      limiterSource = join(libexec, "limiter");
+    const replacement = join(libexec, "replacement");
+    const script =
+      '#!/bin/sh\nselected="${0%/*}/${0##*/}"\nIFS= read -r role < "$selected.role" || exit 19\nif [ "$role" = limiter ]; then\n  if [ -f "$selected.retarget" ]; then\n    IFS= read -r target < "$selected.retarget"\n    /bin/ln -sf "$target" "$0"\n  fi\n  while [ "$1" != -- ]; do shift; done\n  shift\n  exec "$@"\nfi\nif [ "$1" = --version ]; then\n  if [ "$role" = tshark ]; then printf "TShark (Wireshark) 4.6.9\\n"; else printf "sigrok-cli 0.7.2\\nlibsigrokdecode 0.5.3\\n"; fi\nelse\n  if [ "$role" = tshark ]; then printf "P\\tInternet Protocol\\tip\\n"; else printf "Supported protocol decoders:\\n  uart  UART\\n"; fi\nfi\n';
+    for (const path of [commandSource, limiterSource, replacement]) {
+      await writeFile(path, script);
+      await chmod(path, 0o755);
+    }
+    await symlink(commandSource, command);
+    await symlink(limiterSource, limiter);
+    await writeFile(`${command}.role`, `${kind}\n`);
+    await writeFile(`${limiter}.role`, "limiter\n");
+    const environment = {
+      ...process.env,
+      ...(kind === "tshark"
+        ? { REA_TSHARK_COMMAND: command, REA_TSHARK_PRLIMIT_COMMAND: limiter }
+        : { REA_SIGROK_COMMAND: command, REA_SIGROK_PRLIMIT_COMMAND: limiter }),
+    };
+    const runtime = () =>
+      PrivateRuntimeRoot.create({ parent: directory, prefix: "workspace-" });
+    const limits = async (configured: LinuxResourceLimits) => configured;
+    const provider =
+      kind === "tshark"
+        ? new TsharkCaptureProvider(
+            environment,
+            undefined,
+            runtime,
+            "linux",
+            readStableArtifact,
+            limits,
+          )
+        : new SigrokRecordingProvider(
+            environment,
+            undefined,
+            runtime,
+            "linux",
+            readStableArtifact,
+            limits,
+          );
+    onTestFinished(() => provider.close());
+    const inspect =
+      provider instanceof TsharkCaptureProvider
+        ? () => new PacketCaptureService(provider).inspectFields({})
+        : () => new SignalRecordingService(provider).inspectDecoders({});
+    const first = await inspect();
+    if (!first.ok) throw first.error;
+    expect(first.value.normalized_result).toMatchObject({
+      tool: { configured_path: command, path: await realpath(commandSource) },
+      resource_limiter: {
+        configured_path: limiter,
+        path: await realpath(limiterSource),
+        arguments: expect.arrayContaining([command]),
+      },
+    });
+    // Identical bytes at another physical path must not pass the current
+    // invocation's identity verification, even though the producer succeeds.
+    await writeFile(`${limiter}.retarget`, `${replacement}\n`);
+    const changed = await inspect();
+    if (changed.ok) throw new Error("Retargeted limiter was accepted");
+    expect(changed.error).toMatchObject({
+      _tag: "AnalysisArtifactChangedError",
+      path: limiter,
+      capturedOutput: {
+        stdout:
+          kind === "tshark"
+            ? "TShark (Wireshark) 4.6.9\n"
+            : "sigrok-cli 0.7.2\nlibsigrokdecode 0.5.3\n",
+      },
+    });
+    await unlink(`${limiter}.retarget`);
+    const fresh = await inspect();
+    if (!fresh.ok) throw fresh.error;
+    expect(fresh.value.normalized_result).toMatchObject({
+      resource_limiter: { path: await realpath(replacement) },
+    });
+    expect(first.value.normalized_result).toMatchObject({
+      resource_limiter: { path: await realpath(limiterSource) },
+    });
+    expect(
+      (await readdir(directory)).filter((name) =>
+        name.startsWith("workspace-"),
+      ),
+    ).toEqual([]);
+  },
+);
diff --git a/tests/boundary/providers/native/lldbLauncherBoundary.test.ts b/tests/boundary/providers/native/lldbLauncherBoundary.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0b106f3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/boundary/providers/native/lldbLauncherBoundary.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+import {
+  access,
+  chmod,
+  mkdir,
+  readFile,
+  realpath,
+  writeFile,
+} from "node:fs/promises";
+import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
+import { expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { z } from "zod";
+import { nativeCallObservationInputSchema } from "../../../../src/domain/native/nativeCallObservation.js";
+import { resolveXcrunTool } from "../../../../src/native/CommandRunner.js";
+import { LldbCallTracer } from "../../../../src/native/LldbCallTracer.js";
+import { observeProcessStartIdentity } from "../../../../src/process/ProcessOwnershipObservation.js";
+import { createTestTempDirectory } from "../../../fixtures/temporaryDirectory.js";
+
+const readySchema = z.object({
+  pid: z.int().positive(),
+  run_id: z.string().min(1),
+  config_path: z.string(),
+});
+const shellArgument = (value: string) => `'${value.replaceAll("'", "'\\''")}'`;
+
+it.skipIf(process.platform !== "darwin")(
+  "cleans an xcrun-selected LLDB wrapper after cancellation without requiring its pre-exec argv",
+  async () => {
+    const root = await createTestTempDirectory("rea-lldb-wrapper-");
+    const child = join(root, "safe-child.mjs");
+    const toolchains = join(root, "Toolchains");
+    const toolchain = join(toolchains, "Audit.xctoolchain");
+    const launcher = join(toolchain, "usr/bin/lldb");
+    const readyPath = join(root, "ready.json");
+    await mkdir(dirname(launcher), { recursive: true });
+    // LLVM documents this external toolchain layout and selection mechanism:
+    // llvm/tools/xcode-toolchain/CMakeLists.txt. No installed toolchain is changed.
+    await writeFile(
+      join(toolchain, "Info.plist"),
+      `<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<plist version="1.0"><dict>
+<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key><string>org.rea.audit.lldb</string>
+<key>CompatibilityVersion</key><integer>2</integer>
+</dict></plist>`,
+    );
+    // This producer launches no debugger or target. Its delayed self-exit also
+    // bounds the baseline regression's deliberately refused cleanup.
+    await writeFile(
+      child,
+      `import { readFileSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+const command = process.argv.find(value => value.startsWith('rea_trace '));
+const configPath = command.slice('rea_trace '.length);
+const config = JSON.parse(readFileSync(configPath, 'utf8'));
+writeFileSync(config.result_path, JSON.stringify({
+  status: 'launch-error', error: 'fixture deliberately launches no target',
+  target_process_created: false, target_process_exit_observed: true
+}));
+for (const path of [config.observation_path, config.stdout_capture_path, config.stderr_capture_path])
+  writeFileSync(path, '');
+writeFileSync(${JSON.stringify(readyPath)}, JSON.stringify({
+  pid: process.pid, run_id: process.env.REA_PROCESS_RUN_ID, config_path: configPath
+}));
+setTimeout(() => process.exit(0), 10000);
+`,
+    );
+    const launcherText = `#!/bin/sh\nexec ${shellArgument(process.execPath)} ${shellArgument(child)} "$@"\n`;
+    await writeFile(launcher, launcherText);
+    await chmod(launcher, 0o755);
+    const environment = {
+      ...process.env,
+      DEVELOPER_DIR: undefined,
+      SDKROOT: undefined,
+      EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAINS_DIR: toolchains,
+      TOOLCHAINS: "org.rea.audit.lldb",
+      xcrun_nocache: "1",
+    };
+    const selected = await resolveXcrunTool("lldb", environment);
+    if (!selected.ok) throw selected.error;
+    expect(selected.value).toEqual({
+      path: await realpath(launcher),
+      sha256: createHash("sha256").update(launcherText).digest("hex"),
+    });
+    // Production discovery, acquisition and native process ownership terminate
+    // the real child reached through this caller-selected external toolchain.
+    const tracer = new LldbCallTracer(environment);
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const reason = new Error("caller cancels the acquired wrapper fixture");
+    let started: z.infer<typeof readySchema> | undefined;
+    try {
+      const pending = tracer.trace(
+        {
+          executable: "/fixture/target-is-never-launched",
+          architecture: "arm64",
+          expectedSha256: "b".repeat(64),
+          input: nativeCallObservationInputSchema.parse({
+            breakpoints: [{ kind: "function", name: "main" }],
+            duration_ms: 100,
+          }),
+        },
+        controller.signal,
+      );
+      await expect
+        .poll(
+          async () => {
+            started = readySchema.parse(
+              JSON.parse(await readFile(readyPath, "utf8")),
+            );
+            return started.run_id;
+          },
+          { timeout: 5_000 },
+        )
+        .toEqual(expect.any(String));
+      if (started === undefined) throw new Error("Wrapper did not start");
+      const identity = await observeProcessStartIdentity(
+        started.pid,
+        undefined,
+        started.run_id,
+      );
+      expect(identity?.state).toBe("readable");
+      controller.abort(reason);
+      const result = await pending;
+      expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+      if (result.ok) throw new Error("Expected caller cancellation");
+      expect(result.error).toMatchObject({
+        _tag: "AnalysisCancelledError",
+        cause: reason,
+        cleanupIncomplete: false,
+      });
+      expect(await observeProcessStartIdentity(started.pid)).toBeUndefined();
+      await expect(access(dirname(started.config_path))).rejects.toMatchObject({
+        code: "ENOENT",
+      });
+    } finally {
+      controller.abort(reason);
+      const closed = await tracer.close();
+      if (!closed.ok && started !== undefined) {
+        // The unpatched implementation retains its exact owner until the safe
+        // fixture self-exits. Do not bypass ownership with an unverified PID kill.
+        const pid = started.pid;
+        await expect
+          .poll(async () => await observeProcessStartIdentity(pid), {
+            timeout: 12_000,
+          })
+          .toBeUndefined();
+        expect((await tracer.close()).ok).toBe(true);
+      } else expect(closed.ok).toBe(true);
+    }
+  },
+  15_000,
+);