Matt Van HornandMatt Van Horn
645735fc0f
* feat(windows): inspect Shell Link (.lnk) shortcut files Add inspect_windows_shortcut / inspect-windows-shortcut to read one local Shell Link without resolving or executing the target. The report keeps header flags and FILETIMEs, IDList items, LinkInfo volume and network names, StringData, ExtraData including Tracker droid facts labelled derived, and derived observations such as argument length and a minimized ShowCommand. * fix(windows): tighten Shell Link string reads and coverage - Decode counted StringData over its full CountCharacters payload. - Locate LinkInfo string terminators before charging max_string_bytes and before decoding; an unterminated string is a coverage issue. - Mark an IDList without a TerminalID and an out-of-range LinkInfoHeaderSize as partial coverage. - Report arguments_present and argument_length as null when HasArguments is set but the field could not be read. - Derive target_extension from the joined base path and suffix. - Keep ISO dates for FILETIME and UUIDv1 timestamps before 1970. - Retain the completed file snapshot on parse failures. - Reject an empty CLI path before normalization. - Select the shortcut contract from its family in focused tests. - Fixture StringData no longer writes a NUL into the counted payload. * style: format docs index and Shell Link boundary type Apply oxfmt to the two files format:check reports so Static checks passes. * fix(windows): reject network share paths for Shell Link reads inspect_windows_shortcut is advertised as offline, but the Windows path schema admits UNC paths, and lstat on one can contact an SMB server and offer the caller's credentials. Reject UNC, extended UNC, and other host-prefixed device paths in the provider before any filesystem call. Extended drive paths such as \\?\C:\x stay allowed. A mapped network drive cannot be told from a local drive by its path, and the docs say so. * fix(windows): decode Unicode Shell Link file-entry names File-entry items with bit 0x04 of the type byte, such as 0x36, store a UTF-16LE name, but the parser always read it as Latin-1. The read stopped at the first zero byte, so report.exe became r and an IDList-only shortcut reported the wrong target_extension. Read those names as UTF-16LE. * fix(windows): read volume labels by exact Shell Link discriminator VolumeLabelOffset 0x14 selects VolumeLabelOffsetUnicode and is not itself a label offset, and that Unicode field exists for no other value. The parser treated any offset of 0x14 or more as having both, so a Unicode-only label such as "OS" also produced a false ANSI label "O", and an ANSI label stored past 0x14 had its own bytes read as a Unicode offset. Branch on the exact value in parseVolume, the one place that interprets it, and report a VolumeID too short to hold the selected field. The fixture wrote both encodings for a Unicode volume, which hid the false label, so it now writes one. * fix(windows): limit network share rejection to Windows hosts POSIX hosts read repeated leading slashes as one local root, so an accepted selection such as ///tmp/shortcut.lnk is a local file there. Apply the host-prefixed path check only on Windows, and take the platform through the provider constructor so the Windows path forms stay covered on every test host. * fix(windows): compare shortcut icons only against full paths A stored IDList filename or relative path cannot show that an icon at a full path is elsewhere, so the comparison reported a false difference. Report null unless the icon and a recorded target are both full paths, and assert the missing TerminalID issue by code and offset instead of its message. * fix(windows): keep unread ExtraData blocks unknown A walk that stopped before or inside ExtraData still reported the blocks that HasExpString and HasExpIcon expect as absent, though they were never checked for. Report a block as absent only after the TerminalBlock shows the section was read in full. Without one the block stays unknown and coverage stays partial. * fix(native): ignore LNK network provider type unless ValidNetType is set CommonNetworkRelativeLink NetworkProviderType is only meaningful when the ValidNetType flag (0x2) is set. Return null otherwise. * fix(native): accept any ExtraData TerminalSize below 4 as the terminal MS-SHLLINK requires TerminalSize to be less than 4, not exactly 0. Treat 1, 2 and 3 as the terminal block instead of a malformed block. * fix(native): derive shortcut target facts from the stored environment target Include the EnvironmentVariableDataBlock literal target among the target candidates for target_extension and the icon comparison. Variables are not expanded and the target is not opened. * fix(windows-shortcut): keep unexpanded variable paths unresolved in icon comparison A stored environment target such as C:\Users\%USERNAME%\app.exe could be compared as different from C:\Users\Alice\app.exe. Variable-bearing paths are never expanded, so the icon comparison now returns null unless a fixed target matches the icon exactly. * test: drop redundant ok assertion before typed error guard The testing guide asks for the typed error to be thrown before asserting a successful Result value, and says a preceding .ok assertion adds no coverage. * fix(windows): point out-of-range LinkInfo offsets at their field A LinkInfo, VolumeID or CommonNetworkRelativeLink offset that points past its structure was reported at base + offset. With an offset such as 0xffffffff that position exceeds uint32, so the report failed its schema and the service discarded the whole partial result. Report such issues at the offending offset field instead, which keeps every issue offset and coverage.failing_offset inside the file. Cover each LinkInfo offset field in the parser tests and the LocalBasePathOffset case through the stable filesystem service. * fix(windows): require RFC 4122 variant before deriving Tracker UUID facts A version nibble of 1 alone does not identify a version-1 UUID. Also require the clock_seq_hi_and_reserved top bits to be 10, so other GUID layouts keep their raw value and derive no MAC or timestamp. * fix(windows): ignore DeviceNameOffset fields unless ValidDevice is set MS-SHLLINK 2.3.2 says DeviceNameOffset and DeviceNameOffsetUnicode are ignored when the ValidDevice flag is clear. parseNetwork read both regardless, so garbage in those fields became device-name facts or malformed_structure issues. Read the flags once and only read the device name fields when ValidDevice is set. * fix(windows): keep unsupported Tracker headers as raw data Check TrackerDataBlock Length (0x58) and Version (0) before decoding. A block with any other header is retained as raw bytes with a malformed_structure issue, so it no longer yields MAC and timestamp facts under complete coverage. * fix(windows): compare shortcut icon paths by normalized location Collapse "." and ".." segments and repeated separators in the icon comparison as text only, never opening a path. ".." stops at the drive or UNC share root, and \\?\ and \\.\ paths stay verbatim. Join LocalBasePath with CommonPathSuffix as the target and use the bare base only when the suffix is empty, as the network share branch does. Read the selected shortcut with lstat and open only, so a rejected symlink's destination is never resolved. * fix(windows): keep the UNC share in the root after repeated separators normalizePath took the host and the next split part as the UNC root, so \\server\\share\..\app.exe kept an empty share and let .. remove the real share. Drop empty parts before picking the root so paths on different shares stay different. * fix(cli): parse windows shortcut limits as decimals The four inspect-windows-shortcut limit options now go through cliDecimalField like the other inspection commands, so values such as 0x10 are rejected and cliDecimalArguments.test.ts passes. * fix(native): reject linked parents of windows shortcuts A parent directory symlink or junction pointing at a UNC share was followed by the first lstat, since the network check reads only the path text and the symlink rejection covers only the final component. On Windows, lstat each ancestor from the drive root down and reject the path at the first link, before anything follows it. * docs(native): move Windows shortcut guide and add its feature spec Move the Shell Link guide to docs/guides/native/windows-shortcut.md and list it under Native binaries in the site navigation, keeping the /windows-shortcut public route. Update README, translated README, CLI page and authored skill links to the new physical path. Add docs/specs/native/windows-shortcut/ with spec.md, plan.md and tasks.md, as required by docs/development/documentation.md. * fix(native): admit the windows shortcut parent walk On Windows the ancestor link walk ran before the provider's resource admission, so close() could finish while the walk kept calling lstat. Run the walk inside the same admission as the read, and check the caller's signal before each ancestor lstat. * fix(native): walk the effective parents of windows shortcuts The ancestor link walk checked every prefix of the path as written, so C:\alias\..\real\a.lnk was refused when C:\alias is a directory link, although Windows removes alias\.. before opening the file. Walk the ancestors left after removing . and .. components, keeping the caller's spelling, never climbing above an absolute root, and leaving \\?\ paths as written since Windows does not normalize them. * test(native): assert the linked parent as a structured fact The parent link regression matched the phrase "junction, which" in the refusal message, so a wording edit would fail it. Report the linked ancestor as observed.linked_ancestor on the input issue and assert that fact instead of the explanatory text. * test(native): bound the shortcut close gate and release it in finally Race the parent walk lstat acknowledgement against inspection settling with awaitAcknowledgement, then release the gate and join the inspect and close work in finally so a failure reports its cause instead of waiting for the Vitest timeout. * fix(native): walk Windows shortcut parents lazily windowsAncestors built and kept every parent prefix before the first lstat, so a path with thousands of components allocated memory quadratic in its length. It now keeps only the normalized components and yields each parent from a running prefix as the walk reaches it. --------- Co-authored-by: Matt Van Horn <455140+mvanhorn@users.noreply.github.com>
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REA: Reverse Engineer Anything
One MCP for reverse engineering across binaries, applications, and runtime behavior.
See a feature you like. Understand how it works, down to the binary level.
Quick start · How REA works · What you can analyze · Showcases · Build RL environments · FAQ · Documentation
npx rea-agents setup
Important
Get REA from morluto/rea, rea.tools, or the rea-agents npm package. Follow the installation and release links from these official sources. A similar repository name or copied README does not establish that a download is official.
See a feature in an app that you want in your own product? Ask your agent to investigate it with REA. It can inspect the app without its source code, explain how the feature works, show the evidence, and build a version for your project.
REA connects your agent to tools for inspecting native binaries, JavaScript and Electron apps, .NET assemblies, and websites. You can also use the same tools from your terminal. Analysis runs locally, and results include the evidence and limitations behind each conclusion.
Setup registers REA with your agent and installs matching workflow instructions. Native analysis can use an existing Hopper, Ghidra, IDA or Kuna installation; setup can optionally install Hopper with approval. Static JavaScript analysis needs no native analysis engine.
Visit the REA website for setup instructions, illustrated guides, and real case studies.
Quick start
On Linux, Ghidra, JADX, firmware tool launches and static JavaScript/Electron
analysis require a procps-compatible ps on REA's PATH for process ownership
checks. Recovery steps are in docs/getting-started/installation.md under
"Linux owned-process prerequisite".
Set up your agent
With Node.js and npm installed, run:
npx rea-agents setup
Choose your agents, review the proposed changes, and approve them. Setup adds REA's MCP server and matching workflow instructions, with backups of existing configuration. Restart your agent afterward. Setup records the selected runtime and REA entry script directly. If acquired through a package runner, keep its cache entry available. Run package acquisition from a trusted directory outside the target project. Installation and recovery details are in the setup guide below.
Setup supports Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Grok Build and other agents. See installation and setup for provider configuration and manual MCP registration and Claude Code/Codex plugin installation.
MCP uses compact input schemas by default to reduce context overhead. Set
REA_MCP_INPUT_SCHEMA_PROFILE=full in your MCP registration when you need the
complete advertised field guidance and nested validation details. Both profiles
keep the full tool set and canonical server validation. See
"Compact input schema profile" in the MCP contracts guide.
Complete output schemas are advertised by default. If your client caps the
complete tools/list frame, set REA_MCP_OUTPUT_SCHEMA_PROFILE=compact to
bound each advertised output schema, or off to omit output schemas entirely.
Both settings keep canonical server-side validation and complete structured
results. See "Output schemas" in the MCP contracts guide.
Ask your agent
Understand how search works in the Notes app, show me the evidence, and build a
similar feature for my project.
Replace Notes with your target app and the feature you want to understand.
Use the terminal
Inspect an extracted JavaScript/Electron app directory or ASAR:
npx -y rea-agents@latest analyze-javascript-application /absolute/path/to/app --json
The result includes modules, imports, Electron boundaries and their evidence.
Replace the path with your target, such as "D:/apps/example" on Windows.
To install the rea command for regular use:
npm install --global rea-agents
rea --help
For native analysis, configure a provider first. See the CLI and Evidence guide for native commands, provider selection, snapshots and scripting.
Update REA
REA changes quickly, and new releases include frequent bug fixes. Keep your installation up to date.
For a CLI installed with npm install --global or bun add --global:
rea update
rea --update is an alias for this verified workflow and accepts the same global
output flags. Use rea update when combining it with other command controls.
Updater commands retain at most 4 MiB of stdout and stderr combined. Oversized metadata replies are rejected after the command exits; verbose installs continue with bounded diagnostics. Human progress output respects terminal backpressure and waits for submitted writes to finish.
Bun global updates require Bun 1.2.17 or later. With an older Bun release,
upgrade Bun manually before running rea update.
To refresh your agent registrations and skill, run the setup command printed by the update.
If you use npx, update your agent setup with:
npx rea-agents@latest setup
Review the setup changes and restart your agent. For one-off CLI commands,
use npx rea-agents@latest followed by the command. With Bun, use
bunx rea-agents@latest in place of npx rea-agents@latest.
How REA works
Your agent calls REA through MCP to inspect the target and trace relevant code. REA returns findings with their evidence. The agent uses them to ask follow-up questions, explain the behavior, or write and test an implementation. CLI commands use the same workflows.
What you can analyze
REA requires Node.js 22.x (>=22.23.4), 24.x (>=24.22.1), or 26.12.1+, plus npm. Additional tools and host support depend on the target:
| Target | What REA returns | Requirements and guide |
|---|---|---|
| Desktop installations | Runtime candidates, supporting files, component markers and next probes | Built-in bounded directory/header inspection; desktop applications |
| Native binaries | Pseudocode, assembly, strings, symbols, calls and references | Hopper, Ghidra, IDA or Kuna; native analysis |
| Offline ELF layout | Sections, segments, original symbols/relocations and static mitigation candidates | Caller-supplied pwntools on Linux x64; binary diagnostics |
| Go binaries | Embedded compiler version, modules, replacements and build settings | Built-in static ELF/PE/thin Mach-O inspection; no Go installation required |
| GPU code objects | CUDA/HIP targets, selected kernel parameters and resources, retained PTX text | Built-in static ELF/PE/fatbin/CUBIN/PTX inspection; GPU code objects |
| Model artifacts | GGUF / safetensors metadata, tensor declarations and derived totals | Built-in header inspection; optional full-file hash; model files |
| IL2CPP metadata | Unity global-metadata.dat assembly images, type and method names and index ranges | Built-in static decoding of versions 24, 27, 29, 31 and 39; no Unity required |
| Godot PCK | Archive inventory and extraction, original header/directory facts and selected content identities | Built-in static formats 2, 3 and 4; no Godot required |
| Rust binaries | Embedded cargo-auditable crate names, versions, sources and dependency edges | Built-in static ELF/PE/thin Mach-O inspection; Rust binaries |
| PE certificates | Authenticode WIN_CERTIFICATE entries and PKCS#7 signer/X.509 identity fields | Built-in static PE inspection; PE certificates |
| PE imports | Import and delay-load DLL names, ordinals, IAT RVAs and pefile import hash | Built-in static PE inspection; PE imports |
| Windows shortcuts | Shell Link target, arguments, working dir, ExtraData and Tracker droid facts | Built-in static LNK inspection; Windows shortcuts |
| ELF notes | PT_NOTE/SHT_NOTE owners, types, GNU build-id and ABI-tag fields | Built-in static ELF inspection; ELF notes |
| Binary hardening | PIE, NX, RELRO, CFG and related header flags for ELF, PE and Mach-O | Built-in static header inspection; binary hardening |
| Apple IPS crashes | .ips metadata, threads, images, registers and documented crash classes | Built-in static JSON inspection; Apple IPS |
| Linux kernel modules | .modinfo keys, __versions CRCs, this_module presence, and signature trailer | Built-in static ELF inspection; kernel modules |
| Erlang BEAM | IFF chunks, atoms, exports, imports, lambdas and the Code header | Built-in static BEAM inspection; Erlang BEAM |
| WASM artifact | Validation, sections, exact import/export WAT forms and decoded WAT | Caller-supplied WABT 1.0.42; inspect_wasm_artifact |
| EVM bytecode | Dispatch selectors, byte offsets, inferred arguments and mutability | Local raw/hex carrier on Linux x64; offline EVM guide |
| SQLite databases | Tables, columns, indexes, views, triggers and selected ordinary-table rows | Local database/WAL snapshot; Node.js 24.x >=24.15 or 26+ with native SQLite limits |
| Recorded Linux crashes | Raw notes, every recorded thread's registers/signals and optional mapping candidates | Caller-supplied pwntools on Linux x64; optional GDB/pwndbg; recorded crashes |
| JavaScript / Electron | Modules, imports, source maps, routes, IPC and native add-on relationships | Node.js and npm; Linux: procps-compatible ps; application analysis |
| Websites | Page structure, scripts, network observations and requested screenshots | A Chrome-family browser; browser analysis |
| Saved network captures | Requests, responses, exposed payloads and source locations | HAR or Fiddler Everywhere SAZ; mitmdump on Linux for native mitmproxy; capture guide |
| .NET assemblies | Metadata, CIL instructions, declared native dependencies and build comparisons | None (static only); managed-code guide |
| Android APKs | Manifest declarations, classes, decompiled methods and references | Headless JADX and a full JDK on Linux/macOS/Windows x64; Android guide |
| APK signatures | v1/v2/v3/v3.1 signers, certificate fingerprints, key rotation and digest self-consistency | None (static only); inspect_apk_signature |
| Android devices | Devices, packages, processes, logs, dumps, screen captures, and APK/file transfers | Caller-supplied adb (emulator or hardware); ADB guide |
| JEB projects | Engine-backed project units, artifact digests and type/method pseudo-code | A caller-started JEB client serving MCP, selected with REA_JEB_MCP_URL; JEB guide |
| Android resources | Decoded manifest, string tables, locales and version facts | Caller-supplied Apktool launcher; resource guide |
| Flutter apps | Dart snapshot hash, per-ABI library digests and engine build provenance | None (static APK parsing); Flutter guide |
| Firmware | Regions, extraction results and native-analysis handoffs | Binwalk / Unblob on Linux; firmware guide |
| Recorded packets | Selected fields, repeated values, filters and decode-as rules | Linux: TShark 4.x + prlimit; capture guide |
| Packet summaries | Endpoints, DNS, TLS SNI, protocol distribution and HTTP requests | Caller-supplied tshark and capinfos (Linux-verified); pcap guide |
| Recorded logic signals | Decoder annotations, sample ranges and diagnostics | Linux: sigrok-cli 0.7.2 + prlimit; signal recordings |
| Packages and resources | File inventories, digests, plists, Apple bundle anatomy and extracted resources | Artifact and JavaScript guide, Apple applications |
| Process behavior | Terminal output, interactions, exit and filesystem observations, and run comparisons | Linux/macOS with a native PTY; process capture |
| PyInstaller executables | CArchive members, Python version, entry scripts and extracted bytecode | None (static only); Python packaged applications |
Static JavaScript and .NET inspection read the supplied files without running the application. Runtime capture runs or interacts with the selected target using your user permissions; each runtime guide describes its effects.
For offline native-binary inspection, REA also supports caller-supplied GNU objdump and Rizin. See the reverse-engineering tools guide for provider setup, CLI commands, and Evidence limitations. REA does not install or update either provider.
Native formats and host support vary by provider. See
Hopper and Ghidra setup, the
IDA guide (including an optional native MCP bridge), the
Kuna decompiler guide, and
experimental Windows Ghidra support.
Ghidra also supports 16-bit DOS analysis.
For large binaries, raise the provider's startup deadline with
REA_GHIDRA_STARTUP_TIMEOUT_MS or REA_HOPPER_STARTUP_TIMEOUT_MS.
For provider selection, see the CLI guide.
Check release availability
for features added since the latest npm release.
Showcases
DX-Ball: reconstruct a sound-pan calculation
Follow a sound call into its position-to-pan helper, inspect the instructions, and turn incomplete pseudocode into C. The reconstruction passes 3,205 original-x86 cases and reproduces all 63 compiled function bytes.
Read the case study · Reconstruction repository
Notion: trace the Electron clipboard bridge
Find the renderer's clipboard API, follow it through preload and IPC into the main process, and inspect the rich clipboard format.
TH04: recover a DOS bullet-ring calculation
Inspect the original PC-98 game's 16-bit instructions, recover the fixed and aimed angle calculations, and compare the reconstructed C++ with the historical compiler output.
Read the case study · Reconstruction repository
Build RL environments with REA
Record a web app session, turn its API into tools, and export an environment an AI agent can use. Run it with AgentEnv, then add tasks and reward checks for RL training or evaluation.
Read the guide · Watch the video
If you've used REA on something interesting, we'd love to see it. Share your case in an issue or a pull request, including the target, your question, how REA helped, and what you found.
Build RL environments
Give an AI agent a local environment to practice tasks such as finding an issue or creating a folder, without running the original app. Use it for reinforcement learning (RL) or to test how well an agent completes tasks.
REA turns recorded API requests and responses into tools the agent can call. The environment uses the recorded data and supports changes only when the recording confirms their effects.
With REA set up in your agent, replace the example URL and folder tasks below with your own:
Use REA to build an RL environment from my test web app at
http://127.0.0.1:3000.
Cover listing, creating, renaming, and deleting folders. You may create and
remove test folders. Leave existing data unchanged.
Save it in a folder named my-env. Check which operations work and tell me
how to run it.
Use the command line instead
Use these commands if you already have a file containing the app’s recorded browser requests and responses. Running the result also requires AgentEnv and Docker.
rea environment-build ./session.har ./my-env --name my-env --json
agent-env run ./my-env
REA exports a runnable environment with a basic test to check that it starts and responds. Use it with your RL framework to define task goals, add reward checks, and run training.
Build an environment · Environment reference · Watch the demo on X
FAQ
Which agents can use REA?
Any agent that supports local MCP servers. Setup configures the supported agents; other clients can use manual MCP registration.
Do I need a native analysis engine?
Deep native analysis uses Hopper, Ghidra, IDA or Kuna, depending on the target and operation. Static JavaScript and .NET inspection work without a native analysis engine. Setup can install Hopper after approval; Ghidra, IDA and Kuna use your existing installations. See provider setup for the options and their supported targets.
Do I need to start Hopper first?
REA starts Hopper when an operation needs it. On macOS, a first-run dialog may ask you to choose demo mode or activate your license. Complete that prompt in the same user session before your first CLI/MCP operation or unattended job. Open Hopper manually if needed. See Hopper startup and troubleshooting.
What does installing the skill from skills.sh do?
The skill supplies investigation instructions for your agent. Use npx rea-agents setup
to register REA's MCP server and install the matching instructions, then restart
your agent. See skill-only installation.
What code does REA return?
Native analysis returns pseudocode and assembly. JavaScript/Electron analysis recovers modules and their relationships. Your agent uses these findings to write and test an implementation; the showcases give worked examples.
Does REA upload my app?
REA analyzes targets locally. Your agent receives the tool results, and its model provider has its own data policy.
What should I do if I hit a bug?
Update first; a recent release may already fix it.
For a CLI installed with npm install --global or bun add --global:
rea update
For agent setup through npx:
npx rea-agents@latest setup
If you're using an agent, complete the setup refresh and restart it. Retry the same task. If the problem persists, open an issue with your REA version, target type, steps to reproduce and error output.
Documentation
Start with the website's worked guides. For exact options, prerequisites and result contracts:
- Installation and setup: agent registration, provider configuration, updates and uninstall.
- Readiness and troubleshooting: diagnose one agent or analysis engine.
- CLI and Evidence: commands, provider selection, snapshots, import/export and exit statuses.
- MCP contracts and agent prompts: tool results, sessions and guided investigations.
- Tool catalog: generated inventory of tools, providers and CLI commands.
- Roadmap: planned work and capability trackers.
Report vulnerabilities through SECURITY.md.
Star history
🎉 400,000 GitHub stars — thank you!
Thanks to everyone using REA, reporting bugs, requesting features, testing builds, and contributing fixes.
Disclaimer
See DISCLAIMER.md for responsible-use guidance.
The project's position on illegal or unauthorized use covers all REA versions, distribution channels, and platforms; each copy retains its applicable licenses.
REA is for lawful research, education, interoperability, software preservation, and analysis of software you own or are authorized to examine.
Contributing
We'd love your help with REA! Open an issue to report a bug or suggest a feature, or send a pull request to improve the code or docs.
See CONTRIBUTING.md for development setup and checks, testing for verification lanes, and the architecture map for selected layers and dependency paths.
License
REA-authored code is licensed under MIT. Third-party material retains its own licenses and copyright notices; see Third-party notices for the dependency inventory, preserved license texts, and external-tool terms.
You must legally obtain and be authorized to use commercial tools, including IDA Pro / Hex-Rays decompilers, Hopper, and JEB, under their applicable licenses. REA grants no tool license, key, or activation entitlement. Trials and demos remain subject to vendor terms, including user, feature, automation, and output sharing restrictions. Cracked copies, stolen keys, unauthorized key sharing, and bypassing license restrictions are not authorized. This guidance does not amend MIT or third-party licenses.