feat(managed): verify P/Invokes against portable native export Evidence

verify_managed_native_boundaries accepted only inspect_macho exports and
one analyze_function dossier per function, so checking a library's
P/Invokes on a non-macOS host took one engine call per declaration.

It now also accepts inspect_native_exports Evidence: one record supplies
a whole PE export directory or ELF dynamic symbol table. An exact name
verifies only when a by-name lookup binds it; a PE forwarder or an ELF
symbol with only a hidden or unreadable version is inferred with basis
qualified-export-candidate and a limitation naming the reason.
Ordinal-only PE exports match no declaration.

Fixes #4057

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

docs/managed-code-analysis.md

@@ -415,6 +415,15 @@ function implements a specific managed method.
 `verify_managed_native_boundaries` compares declared P/Invoke module and entry
 point identities with supplied native export or function evidence. Name/module
 matches establish declaration links; they do not establish that a call executed.
+
+Native observations may be `inspect_macho`, `analyze_function`, or
+`inspect_native_exports` Evidence. One `inspect_native_exports` record supplies
+a whole PE export directory or ELF dynamic symbol table, on any host. An exact
+name verifies only when it is what a by-name lookup binds: a PE export that
+forwards to another DLL, or an ELF symbol whose only version is hidden or whose
+version could not be read, is `inferred` with basis
+`qualified-export-candidate` and a limitation naming the reason. Ordinal-only
+PE exports have no name and match no declaration.
 When either side lacks a usable module identity, a matching name remains
 unresolved and retains the candidate evidence; REA reports a module mismatch
 only when both identities are available and differ.

src/contracts/managed/managedWorkflowToolContracts.ts

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ export const MANAGED_WORKFLOW_TOOL_CONTRACTS = [
     name: "verify_managed_native_boundaries",
     ...toolContractMetadata("verify_managed_native_boundaries"),
     description:
-      "Verify managed P/Invoke/native-boundary declarations against authenticated native export or function Evidence without executing managed code or translating managed metadata tokens into native addresses. The workflow preserves declaration-only, verified, inferred, contradicted, and unresolved states; a name candidate with missing managed or native module identity remains unresolved with its candidate evidence retained.",
+      "Verify managed P/Invoke/native-boundary declarations against authenticated native export or function Evidence (inspect_macho, inspect_native_exports or analyze_function) without executing managed code or translating managed metadata tokens into native addresses. The workflow preserves declaration-only, verified, inferred, contradicted, and unresolved states; a name candidate with missing managed or native module identity remains unresolved with its candidate evidence retained.",
     kind: "application",
     inputSchema: managedNativeVerificationInputSchema,
     outputSchema: nativeVerificationOutputSchema,

src/domain/managed/managedNativeVerificationMatch.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ import { parseEvidence } from "../evidence.js";
 import { digestCanonicalValue } from "../canonicalDigest.js";
 import { functionDossierSchema } from "../hopperValues.js";
 import { inspectMachoSchema } from "../native/nativeInspection.js";
+import {
+  nativeExportsSchema,
+  type NativeExports,
+} from "../native/nativeExports.js";
 import type { ManagedNativeBoundaryInspection } from "./managedArtifact.js";
 import {
   pinvokeVerificationSchema,
@@ -47,6 +51,19 @@ const symbolsForEvidence = (
       })),
     };
   }
+  if (evidence.operation === "inspect_native_exports")
+    return {
+      supported: true,
+      symbols: nativeExportSymbols(
+        nativeExportsSchema.parse(evidence.normalized_result),
+      ).map((symbol) => ({
+        evidence_id: evidence.evidence_id,
+        operation: evidence.operation,
+        module_name: moduleName(evidence),
+        module_path: modulePath(evidence),
+        ...symbol,
+      })),
+    };
   if (evidence.operation === "analyze_function") {
     const dossier = functionDossierSchema.parse(evidence.normalized_result);
     return {
@@ -67,6 +84,36 @@ const symbolsForEvidence = (
   return { supported: false, symbols: [] };
 };
 
+/** Named export rows; ordinal-only PE rows have no name to match. */
+const nativeExportSymbols = (
+  inventory: NativeExports,
+): Pick<NativeSymbol, "name" | "address" | "source" | "export_qualifier">[] =>
+  inventory.format === "pe"
+    ? inventory.exports.flatMap((row) =>
+        row.name === null
+          ? []
+          : [
+              {
+                name: row.name,
+                address: row.address,
+                source: "pe-export" as const,
+                ...(row.forwarder === null
+                  ? {}
+                  : { export_qualifier: "forwarded" as const }),
+              },
+            ],
+      )
+    : inventory.exports.map((row) => ({
+        name: row.name,
+        address: row.value,
+        source: "elf-export" as const,
+        ...(row.version === "unknown"
+          ? { export_qualifier: "unknown-version" as const }
+          : row.version?.hidden === true
+            ? { export_qualifier: "non-default-version" as const }
+            : {}),
+      }));
+
 export const collectNativeSymbols = (
   observations: readonly ManagedNativeVerificationInput["native_observations"][number][],
 ): {
@@ -199,16 +246,21 @@ const matchPinvoke = (
 
   const candidates: [NativeSymbol, ...NativeSymbol[]] = [first, ...remaining];
   const scopeKnown = declaredModuleIdentity(managed.import_scope_name) !== null;
+  const exactName = (symbol: NativeSymbol) =>
+    managed.import_name === normalizedSymbolName(symbol) &&
+    moduleCompatible(managed.import_scope_name, symbol);
   const exact = candidates.find(
-    (symbol) =>
-      managed.import_name === normalizedSymbolName(symbol) &&
-      moduleCompatible(managed.import_scope_name, symbol),
+    (symbol) => exactName(symbol) && symbol.export_qualifier === undefined,
+  );
+  const qualified = candidates.find(
+    (symbol) => exactName(symbol) && symbol.export_qualifier !== undefined,
   );
   const decorated = candidates.find((symbol) =>
     moduleCompatible(managed.import_scope_name, symbol),
   );
   const selected =
     exact ??
+    qualified ??
     decorated ??
     (scopeKnown
       ? candidates.find((symbol) => !hasModuleIdentity(symbol))
@@ -219,14 +271,24 @@ const matchPinvoke = (
       match: {
         status: "verified",
         basis:
-          selected.source === "macho-export"
-            ? "exact-export-name"
-            : "exact-function-name",
+          selected.source === "function-dossier"
+            ? "exact-function-name"
+            : "exact-export-name",
         confidence: "observed",
         matched_native: selected,
         candidates,
       },
     };
+  if (qualified !== undefined)
+    return {
+      match: {
+        basis: "qualified-export-candidate",
+        status: "inferred",
+        confidence: "inferred",
+        matched_native: selected,
+        candidates,
+      },
+    };
   if (decorated !== undefined)
     return {
       match: {
@@ -258,6 +320,15 @@ const matchPinvoke = (
   };
 };
 
+const QUALIFIED_EXPORT_LIMITATIONS = {
+  forwarded:
+    "The exactly named PE export forwards to another DLL, which was not inspected.",
+  "non-default-version":
+    "The exactly named ELF symbol has only a hidden version, which a by-name lookup does not select.",
+  "unknown-version":
+    "The exactly named ELF symbol's version could not be read, so whether a by-name lookup selects it is unknown.",
+} as const;
+
 const pinvokeLimitations = (
   match: PinvokeMatch,
   managed: PinvokeImport,
@@ -266,11 +337,15 @@ const pinvokeLimitations = (
   managed.import_scope_name.trim().length === 0
     ? ["Managed declaration does not name an import scope/module."]
     : []),
-  ...(match.status === "inferred"
+  ...(match.status === "inferred" && match.basis === "decorated-name-candidate"
     ? [
         "Native symbol matched a decorated candidate rather than the exact declared import name.",
       ]
     : []),
+  ...(match.status === "inferred" &&
+  match.basis === "qualified-export-candidate"
+    ? [QUALIFIED_EXPORT_LIMITATIONS[match.matched_native.export_qualifier!]]
+    : []),
   ...(match.status === "contradicted"
     ? [
         "A symbol name candidate exists, but the supplied native Evidence module identity does not match the managed import scope.",

src/domain/managed/managedNativeVerificationSchemas.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,20 @@ const nativeSymbolSchema = z.strictObject({
   address: z.string().nullable(),
   module_name: z.string().nullable(),
   module_path: z.string().nullable(),
-  source: z.enum(["macho-export", "function-dossier"]),
+  source: z.enum([
+    "macho-export",
+    "pe-export",
+    "elf-export",
+    "function-dossier",
+  ]),
+  /**
+   * Present when an exact export name does not establish what a by-name
+   * lookup binds: a PE forwarder, or an ELF symbol whose version is hidden
+   * or unreadable.
+   */
+  export_qualifier: z
+    .enum(["forwarded", "non-default-version", "unknown-version"])
+    .exactOptional(),
 });
 
 export type NativeSymbol = z.infer<typeof nativeSymbolSchema>;
@@ -64,7 +77,7 @@ export const pinvokeVerificationSchema = z.union([
   z.strictObject({
     ...pinvokeVerificationContextShape,
     status: z.literal("inferred"),
-    basis: z.literal("decorated-name-candidate"),
+    basis: z.enum(["decorated-name-candidate", "qualified-export-candidate"]),
     confidence: z.literal("inferred"),
     matched_native: nativeSymbolSchema,
     candidates: observedCandidatesSchema,

tests/conformance/providers/managed/managedNativeVerification.test.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 
 import { verifyManagedNativeBoundariesEvidence } from "../../../../src/application/managed/ManagedNativeVerificationService.js";
@@ -12,6 +13,12 @@ import { managedNativeBoundaryInspectionSchema } from "../../../../src/domain/ma
 import { inspectMachoSchema } from "../../../../src/domain/native/nativeInspection.js";
 
 import { verifyManagedNativeBoundaries } from "../../../../src/domain/managed/managedNativeVerification.js";
+import { NATIVE_EXPORTS_PROVIDER } from "../../../../src/application/InvestigationProviders.js";
+import { parseNativeExports } from "../../../../src/native/exports/NativeExportParser.js";
+import {
+  elfExportImage,
+  peExportImage,
+} from "../../../fixtures/binaryDiagnostics/nativeExports.js";
 const exampleInput = () =>
   managedNativeVerificationInputSchema.parse(
     MANAGED_NATIVE_VERIFICATION_EXAMPLE,
@@ -477,3 +484,152 @@ it("does not treat a raw Mach-O ABI name as an exact underscored C identifier",
   });
   expect(result.pinvoke_imports[0]?.candidates).toEqual([]);
 });
+
+describe("portable native export inventories", () => {
+  /** Managed Evidence declaring each name from `scope`, cloned from the example. */
+  const managedImports = (scope: string, names: readonly string[]) => {
+    const managed = exampleInput().managed_boundaries;
+    const normalized = managedNativeBoundaryInspectionSchema.parse(
+      managed.normalized_result,
+    );
+    const [template] = normalized.pinvoke_imports;
+    if (template === undefined) throw new Error("missing P/Invoke example");
+    return createEvidence(undefined, managed.provider, {
+      operation: managed.operation,
+      parameters: managed.parameters,
+      result: {
+        ...normalized,
+        pinvoke_imports: names.map((import_name, index) => ({
+          ...template,
+          token: `0x1c00000${String(index + 1)}`,
+          import_name,
+          import_scope_name: scope,
+        })),
+      },
+      rawResult: null,
+    });
+  };
+
+  const exportEvidence = (path: string, bytes: Buffer) => {
+    const sha256 = createHash("sha256").update(bytes).digest("hex");
+    const result = parseNativeExports(bytes, {
+      path,
+      sha256,
+      bytes: bytes.length,
+    });
+    return createEvidence(
+      { path, sha256, format: result.format },
+      NATIVE_EXPORTS_PROVIDER,
+      {
+        operation: "inspect_native_exports",
+        parameters: { path, max_file_bytes: 268435456 },
+        result,
+        confidence: "observed",
+        limitations: result.limitations,
+      },
+    );
+  };
+
+  const verify = (
+    scope: string,
+    names: readonly string[],
+    native: ReturnType<typeof exportEvidence>,
+  ) =>
+    new Map(
+      verifyManagedNativeBoundaries({
+        managed_boundaries: managedImports(scope, names),
+        native_observations: [native],
+      }).pinvoke_imports.map((item) => [item.managed.import_name, item]),
+    );
+
+  it("verifies exact ELF exports and keeps hidden or unread versions inferred", () => {
+    const elf = exportEvidence(
+      "/native/libfixture.so",
+      elfExportImage({
+        symbols: [
+          { name: "plain_fn" },
+          { name: "current_fn", version: 2 },
+          { name: "old_fn", version: 0x8003 },
+        ],
+        versionDefinitions: ["libfixture.so", "V2", "V1"],
+      }),
+    );
+    const results = verify(
+      "fixture",
+      ["plain_fn", "current_fn", "old_fn", "absent_fn"],
+      elf,
+    );
+
+    for (const name of ["plain_fn", "current_fn"])
+      expect(results.get(name)).toMatchObject({
+        status: "verified",
+        basis: "exact-export-name",
+        matched_native: {
+          name,
+          source: "elf-export",
+          evidence_id: elf.evidence_id,
+          module_path: "/native/libfixture.so",
+        },
+      });
+    expect(results.get("old_fn")).toMatchObject({
+      status: "inferred",
+      basis: "qualified-export-candidate",
+      matched_native: { export_qualifier: "non-default-version" },
+      limitations: [expect.stringContaining("hidden version")],
+    });
+    expect(results.get("absent_fn")).toMatchObject({
+      status: "unresolved",
+      basis: "no-native-candidate",
+    });
+
+    const unread = exportEvidence(
+      "/native/libfixture.so",
+      elfExportImage({
+        symbols: [{ name: "plain_fn" }],
+        versionDefinitions: ["libfixture.so"],
+        truncatedVersions: true,
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(
+      verify("fixture", ["plain_fn"], unread).get("plain_fn"),
+    ).toMatchObject({
+      status: "inferred",
+      matched_native: { export_qualifier: "unknown-version" },
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("verifies named PE exports and keeps forwarders inferred", () => {
+    const pe = exportEvidence(
+      "/native/fixture.dll",
+      peExportImage({
+        functions: [
+          { rva: 0x2000 },
+          { forwarder: "OTHER.Target" },
+          { rva: 0x2010 },
+        ],
+        names: [
+          { name: "Primary", index: 0 },
+          { name: "Forwarded", index: 1 },
+        ],
+      }),
+    );
+    const results = verify("fixture.dll", ["Primary", "Forwarded"], pe);
+
+    expect(results.get("Primary")).toMatchObject({
+      status: "verified",
+      basis: "exact-export-name",
+      matched_native: { source: "pe-export", address: "0x180002000" },
+    });
+    expect(results.get("Forwarded")).toMatchObject({
+      status: "inferred",
+      basis: "qualified-export-candidate",
+      matched_native: { export_qualifier: "forwarded", address: null },
+      limitations: [expect.stringContaining("forwards to another DLL")],
+    });
+    // A matching name under another module is a contradiction, not a match.
+    expect(verify("other.dll", ["Primary"], pe).get("Primary")).toMatchObject({
+      status: "contradicted",
+      basis: "module-mismatch",
+    });
+  });
+});