fix(javascript): preserve effective child-process stdio options (#4336)

* fix(javascript): preserve effective child-process stdio options

* fix(javascript): retain proven callbacks and primitive stdio keys

* fix(javascript): preserve argv shapes and nullish spreads

* fix(javascript): bound callable proofs and retain exposed binding uncertainty

* test(javascript): keep callback acceptance within transport budget

* test(javascript): inspect application coverage for callback proof limits

* fix(javascript): keep spread command argument slots uncertain

* fix(javascript): bound mapped argument content proofs

* fix(javascript): distinguish erased declarations from runtime shadows

* fix(javascript): prove runtime module context before binding isolation

* fix(javascript): share erased declaration and opaque scope proofs

* fix(javascript): keep lowered enum scopes opaque

* fix(javascript): narrow stdio proofs and consolidate regressions

* perf(javascript): reuse lexical references for child shapes

* fix(javascript): retain CommonJS child argument context

* fix(javascript): keep Annex B affected child arguments unknown

* fix(javascript): recognize value import-equals runtime modules

* fix(javascript): retain exact stdio through module and primitive syntax

* fix(javascript): bound inline spread property resolution

* fix(javascript): distinguish copied methods from getters

src/application/javascript/JavaScriptSemanticGraphChildProcessProjection.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ interface ChildUnknownInput {
     | "forwards-signal"
     | "listens-exit"
     | "listens-error"
+    | "connects-stdio"
   )[];
+  readonly reason?: "unknown-value";
   readonly detail: string;
   readonly candidateNodeIds: readonly string[];
 }
@@ -113,6 +115,16 @@ const projectSpawn = (
     relation: "connects-stdio",
     resolution: spawn.stdioMode === "dynamic" ? "candidate" : "resolved",
   });
+  if (spawn.stdioMode === "dynamic")
+    addChildUnknown({
+      context,
+      node: child,
+      location: spawn.location,
+      relationKinds: ["connects-stdio"],
+      reason: "unknown-value",
+      detail: `Static ${spawn.method} stdio options remain unresolved.`,
+      candidateNodeIds: [],
+    });
   if (spawn.resolution !== "complete")
     addChildUnknown({
       context,
@@ -228,7 +240,7 @@ const addChildUnknown = (input: ChildUnknownInput): void => {
         node_id: node?.node_id ?? null,
         family: "child-process",
         relation_kinds: relationKinds,
-        reason: "ambiguous-target",
+        reason: input.reason ?? "ambiguous-target",
         detail,
         candidate_node_ids: candidateNodeIds,
         evidence: unknownSemanticEvidence(context.file, location),

src/domain/javascript/electronStaticAnalysisBrowser.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import {
   collectContextBridgeMembers,
   electronCalleePath,
   electronStaticValue,
-  objectProperty,
 } from "./electronStaticAnalysisValues.js";
 import { compareUnicodeCodePoints } from "../unicodeCodePointOrder.js";
 import { addLocatedFinding } from "./javascriptStaticAnalysisFindings.js";
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ import {
 } from "./javascriptStaticAnalysisHelpers.js";
 import {
   semanticStaticPropertyKey,
+  staticObjectProperty,
   unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
 } from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
 import type { JavaScriptFindingContext } from "./javascriptStaticAnalysisState.js";
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ const needsConstantOptions = (node: t.NewExpression): boolean => {
   const argument = argumentNode(node.arguments[0]);
   const options = argument && unwrapJavaScriptExpression(argument).node;
   if (t.isIdentifier(options)) return true;
-  const lookup = objectProperty(options, "webPreferences");
+  const lookup = staticObjectProperty(options, "webPreferences");
   return (
     lookup.status === "explicit" &&
     t.isIdentifier(unwrapJavaScriptExpression(lookup.property.value).node)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export function* finishElectronBrowserWindowsSteps(
       const options = argument && unwrapJavaScriptExpression(argument).node;
       if (t.isIdentifier(options))
         return hasElectronOptionObjectCandidate(options, index);
-      const lookup = objectProperty(options, "webPreferences");
+      const lookup = staticObjectProperty(options, "webPreferences");
       return (
         lookup.status === "explicit" &&
         hasElectronOptionObjectCandidate(lookup.property.value, index)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ const inspectBrowserWindow = (
     (index &&
       resolveElectronOptionObject(options, node, index, ["webPreferences"])) ??
     options;
-  const lookup = objectProperty(resolvedOptions, "webPreferences");
+  const lookup = staticObjectProperty(resolvedOptions, "webPreferences");
   const declaredPreferences =
     lookup.status === "explicit"
       ? unwrapJavaScriptExpression(lookup.property.value).node
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ const collectWebPreferences = (
 } => {
   const preferences: ElectronWebPreference[] = [];
   let unknown = 0;
-  const effectivePreload = objectProperty(object, "preload");
+  const effectivePreload = staticObjectProperty(object, "preload");
   const preloadPath =
     effectivePreload.status === "explicit"
       ? staticPath(effectivePreload.property.value)
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ const inspectUtilityProcess = (
   const modulePath =
     moduleNode === undefined ? undefined : staticPath(moduleNode);
   const options = argumentNode(node.arguments[2]);
-  const serviceNameProperty = objectProperty(options, "serviceName");
+  const serviceNameProperty = staticObjectProperty(options, "serviceName");
   const serviceName =
     serviceNameProperty.status === "explicit"
       ? staticPath(serviceNameProperty.property.value)

src/domain/javascript/electronStaticAnalysisValues.ts

@@ -54,27 +54,6 @@ export const boundedExpression = (
   return expression === "" ? `[${node.type}]` : expression;
 };
 
-/** Find the effective explicit property, preserving unresolved overrides. */
-export const objectProperty = (
-  object: t.Node | undefined,
-  name: string,
-):
-  | { readonly status: "missing" | "dynamic" }
-  | { readonly status: "explicit"; readonly property: t.ObjectProperty } => {
-  if (object === undefined) return { status: "missing" };
-  if (!t.isObjectExpression(object)) return { status: "dynamic" };
-  for (const property of object.properties.toReversed()) {
-    if (t.isSpreadElement(property)) return { status: "dynamic" };
-    const key = semanticStaticPropertyKey(property.key, property.computed);
-    if (key === null) return { status: "dynamic" };
-    if (key !== name) continue;
-    return t.isObjectProperty(property)
-      ? { status: "explicit", property }
-      : { status: "dynamic" };
-  }
-  return { status: "missing" };
-};
-
 type PresentHandlerKind =
   | "inline-function"
   | "identifier"

src/domain/javascript/javascriptAstValues.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import * as t from "@babel/types";
+import { expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import {
+  semanticStaticPropertyKey,
+  staticObjectProperty,
+} from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
+import { SEMANTIC_EXPRESSION_DEPTH_LIMIT } from "./javascriptSemanticResourceLimits.js";
+
+it("copies ordinary members without proving requested methods or getter effects", () => {
+  const method = (name: string, computed = false) =>
+    t.objectMethod(
+      "method",
+      t.identifier(name),
+      [],
+      t.blockStatement([]),
+      computed,
+    );
+  const getter = t.objectMethod(
+    "get",
+    t.identifier("helper"),
+    [],
+    t.blockStatement([]),
+  );
+  const setter = t.objectMethod(
+    "set",
+    t.identifier("helper"),
+    [t.identifier("value")],
+    t.blockStatement([]),
+  );
+  for (const [member, status] of [
+    [method("helper"), "explicit"],
+    [setter, "explicit"],
+    [method("stdio"), "dynamic"],
+    [getter, "dynamic"],
+    [method("key", true), "dynamic"],
+  ] as const) {
+    const object = t.objectExpression([
+      t.objectProperty(t.identifier("stdio"), t.stringLiteral("inherit")),
+      t.spreadElement(t.objectExpression([member])),
+    ]);
+    expect(staticObjectProperty(object, "stdio").status).toBe(status);
+  }
+});
+
+it("limits unary-plus keys to transparent numeric literals", () => {
+  const wrapped = t.tsAsExpression(t.numericLiteral(1), t.tsNumberKeyword());
+  expect(semanticStaticPropertyKey(t.unaryExpression("+", wrapped), true)).toBe(
+    "1",
+  );
+  for (const argument of [
+    t.stringLiteral("1"),
+    t.bigIntLiteral(1n),
+    t.identifier("input"),
+  ])
+    expect(
+      semanticStaticPropertyKey(t.unaryExpression("+", argument), true),
+    ).toBeNull();
+});
+
+it("bounds nested inline object spreads without losing a shallow final property", () => {
+  let object = t.objectExpression([
+    t.objectProperty(t.identifier("stdio"), t.stringLiteral("inherit")),
+  ]);
+  for (let depth = 0; depth < SEMANTIC_EXPRESSION_DEPTH_LIMIT; depth++)
+    object = t.objectExpression([t.spreadElement(object)]);
+  expect(staticObjectProperty(object, "stdio").status).toBe("explicit");
+  expect(
+    staticObjectProperty(t.objectExpression([t.spreadElement(object)]), "stdio")
+      .status,
+  ).toBe("dynamic");
+});

src/domain/javascript/javascriptAstValues.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import * as t from "@babel/types";
 import type { JavaScriptSemanticPrimitive } from "./javascriptSemanticValueTypes.js";
+import { SEMANTIC_EXPRESSION_DEPTH_LIMIT } from "./javascriptSemanticResourceLimits.js";
 
 /** TypeScript receiver annotations occupy no positional runtime parameter slot. */
 export const runtimeFunctionParameters = (
@@ -88,14 +89,24 @@ export const semanticStaticPropertyKey = (
   computed: boolean,
 ): string | null => {
   property = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(property).node;
-  if (t.isStringLiteral(property) || t.isNumericLiteral(property))
-    return String(property.value);
-  if (t.isBigIntLiteral(property)) return String(property.value);
   if (
-    t.isUnaryExpression(property, { operator: "-" }) &&
-    t.isBigIntLiteral(property.argument)
+    t.isStringLiteral(property) ||
+    t.isNumericLiteral(property) ||
+    t.isBooleanLiteral(property)
   )
-    return String(-BigInt(property.argument.value));
+    return String(property.value);
+  if (t.isNullLiteral(property)) return "null";
+  if (t.isBigIntLiteral(property)) return String(property.value);
+  if (t.isUnaryExpression(property, { operator: "void" })) return "undefined";
+  if (t.isUnaryExpression(property, { operator: "+" })) {
+    const argument = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(property.argument).node;
+    if (t.isNumericLiteral(argument)) return String(argument.value);
+  }
+  if (t.isUnaryExpression(property, { operator: "-" })) {
+    const argument = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(property.argument).node;
+    if (t.isNumericLiteral(argument)) return String(-argument.value);
+    if (t.isBigIntLiteral(argument)) return String(-BigInt(argument.value));
+  }
   if (
     t.isTemplateLiteral(property) &&
     property.expressions.length === 0 &&
@@ -107,20 +118,78 @@ export const semanticStaticPropertyKey = (
   return !computed && t.isIdentifier(property) ? property.name : null;
 };
 
+/** Syntax whose value cannot contribute own properties to an object spread. */
+export const isNullishJavaScriptSyntax = (node: t.Node): boolean => {
+  node = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(node).node;
+  return (
+    t.isNullLiteral(node) || t.isUnaryExpression(node, { operator: "void" })
+  );
+};
+
+type StaticObjectProperty =
+  | { readonly status: "missing" | "dynamic" }
+  | { readonly status: "explicit"; readonly property: t.ObjectProperty };
+
+/** Find the effective explicit property, preserving unresolved overrides. */
+export const staticObjectProperty = (
+  object: t.Node | undefined,
+  name: string,
+  isNullish?: (node: t.Node) => boolean,
+): StaticObjectProperty => {
+  if (object === undefined) return { status: "missing" };
+  if (!t.isObjectExpression(object)) return { status: "dynamic" };
+  const lookup = (
+    current: t.ObjectExpression,
+    depth: number,
+  ): StaticObjectProperty => {
+    for (const property of current.properties.toReversed()) {
+      if (t.isSpreadElement(property)) {
+        const { node: spread, depth: wrappers } = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(
+          property.argument,
+        );
+        if (t.isObjectExpression(spread)) {
+          const nextDepth = depth + wrappers + 1;
+          // Copying a getter can run code that changes another source key.
+          if (
+            nextDepth > SEMANTIC_EXPRESSION_DEPTH_LIMIT ||
+            spread.properties.some((entry) =>
+              t.isObjectMethod(entry, { kind: "get" }),
+            )
+          )
+            return { status: "dynamic" };
+          const found = lookup(spread, nextDepth);
+          if (found.status === "missing") continue;
+          return found;
+        }
+        // These primitive boxes have no own keys; strings can own index keys.
+        if (
+          t.isBooleanLiteral(spread) ||
+          t.isNumericLiteral(spread) ||
+          t.isBigIntLiteral(spread) ||
+          isNullish?.(property.argument) === true
+        )
+          continue;
+        return { status: "dynamic" };
+      }
+      const key = semanticStaticPropertyKey(property.key, property.computed);
+      if (key === null) return { status: "dynamic" };
+      if (key !== name) continue;
+      return t.isObjectProperty(property)
+        ? { status: "explicit", property }
+        : { status: "dynamic" };
+    }
+    return { status: "missing" };
+  };
+  return lookup(object, 0);
+};
+
 /** Later properties own a key; an intervening dynamic write leaves it unknown. */
 export const semanticFinalObjectProperty = (
   node: t.ObjectExpression,
   key: string,
 ): t.Node | undefined => {
-  for (let index = node.properties.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
-    const property = node.properties[index];
-    if (property === undefined || t.isSpreadElement(property)) return undefined;
-    const name = semanticStaticPropertyKey(property.key, property.computed);
-    if (name === null) return undefined;
-    if (name === key)
-      return t.isObjectProperty(property) ? property.value : undefined;
-  }
-  return undefined;
+  const property = staticObjectProperty(node, key);
+  return property.status === "explicit" ? property.property.value : undefined;
 };
 
 export const semanticFinalObjectStringProperty = (

src/domain/javascript/javascriptModuleDeclaration.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 import * as t from "@babel/types";
 
+/** Declaration syntax that establishes no runtime value, regardless of export form. */
+export const isErasedJavaScriptDeclaration = (node: t.Node): boolean =>
+  t.isTSInterfaceDeclaration(node) ||
+  t.isTSTypeAliasDeclaration(node) ||
+  t.isTSDeclareFunction(node) ||
+  ((t.isVariableDeclaration(node) ||
+    t.isClassDeclaration(node) ||
+    t.isTSEnumDeclaration(node) ||
+    t.isTSModuleDeclaration(node)) &&
+    node.declare === true);
+
+/** Namespace/enum lowering introduces runtime scopes absent from this source index. */
+export const isUnmodeledJavaScriptRuntimeScope = (node: t.Node): boolean =>
+  t.isTSModuleDeclaration(node) || t.isTSEnumDeclaration(node);
+
 /** Whether TypeScript explicitly erases this entire import declaration. */
 export const isTypeOnlyImportDeclaration = (
   node: t.ImportDeclaration,

src/domain/javascript/javascriptRpcEndpoints.test.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ describe("RPC object property ownership", () => {
     ['url: "/trpc/old", url: "/trpc/live"', "/trpc/live"],
     ['url: "/trpc/old", url: runtimeUrl', null],
     ['url: "/trpc/old", ...options', null],
+    [
+      'url: "/trpc/old", ...{helper(){},url:"/trpc/ignored",url:"/trpc/live"}',
+      "/trpc/live",
+    ],
     ['url: "/trpc/old", [key]: runtimeUrl', null],
     ['url: "/trpc/old", get url() { return runtimeUrl; }', null],
     ['url: "/trpc/old", url() {}', null],
@@ -743,3 +747,22 @@ it("keeps existing network endpoint recognition unchanged", () => {
     },
   ]);
 });
+
+it("keeps named spreads unknown without proving nullish aliases", () => {
+  expect(
+    rpcEndpoints(`var p=null;const root=Function("return this")();
+    root.p={url:"/changed"};httpLink({url:"/safe",...p});`),
+  ).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+it("skips propertyless literal spreads while retaining string and unknown spreads", () => {
+  expect(
+    rpcEndpoints(`
+      httpLink({url:"/primitives",...false,...42,...1n,[void effect()]:0});
+      httpLink({url:"/string",..."ab"});
+      httpLink({url:"/unknown",...options});
+    `),
+  ).toEqual([
+    { kind: "network", value: "/primitives", mechanism: "trpc:link:httpLink" },
+  ]);
+});

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticAnalysis.empty_keys.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,22 @@
 import { expect, it } from "vitest";
 import { analyzeJavaScriptSemantics } from "./javascriptSemanticAnalysis.js";
 
+it("resolves void keys while retaining their calls and binding writes", () => {
+  const ir = analyzeJavaScriptSemantics(`
+    import {spawn} from "node:child_process";
+    const routes = {[void sideEffect()]: "HOME"};
+    const root = routes[void 0];
+    let argv=[]; const changed = {[void (argv={})]: 1};
+    spawn("changed",argv,{stdio:"inherit"});
+  `);
+  expect(ir.bindings.find(({ name }) => name === "root")?.value).toEqual({
+    status: "literal",
+    value: "HOME",
+  });
+  expect(ir.references.some(({ name }) => name === "sideEffect")).toBe(true);
+  expect(ir.childProcessSpawns[0]?.stdioMode).toBe("dynamic");
+});
+
 it.each([
   "const routes = {'': 'HOME'}; const root = routes[''];",
   "const routes = {['']: 'HOME'}; const root = routes[''];",

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticAnalysis.ts

@@ -345,6 +345,7 @@ export function* analyzeParsedJavaScriptSemanticsSteps(
     file.program,
     state,
     callables,
+    references,
     parserPartial,
   );
   return {

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticAnalysisSteps.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import * as t from "@babel/types";
 
 import {
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   classifyParsedJavaScriptElectronBindingsSteps,
   indexJavaScriptBindingsWithReceiversSteps,
 } from "./javascriptSemanticAnalysis.js";
+import * as semanticProjection from "./javascriptSemanticProjection.js";
 import { parseJavaScriptSource } from "./javascriptSourceParser.js";
 import { createJavaScriptGraphqlScan } from "./javascriptGraphqlOperations.js";
 import {
@@ -273,3 +274,25 @@ conditionalAlias.handle("conditional-alias:ping", () => "local");
     [text.indexOf('require("electron")["ipcMain.handle"]'), []],
   ]);
 });
+
+it("reuses the lexical references during stepped child-argument analysis", () => {
+  const parsed = parseJavaScriptSource(
+    `
+    import {spawn} from "node:child_process";
+    const argv=[]; spawn("tool",argv,{stdio:"inherit"});
+  `,
+    "references.mjs",
+  );
+  if (parsed === null) throw new Error("Expected parsed source");
+  const collector = vi.spyOn(semanticProjection, "collectSemanticReferences");
+  try {
+    const ir = completeSemanticSteps(
+      analyzeParsedJavaScriptSemanticsSteps(parsed),
+    );
+    expect(ir.childProcessSpawns[0]?.stdioMode).toBe("inherit");
+    expect(ir.references.some(({ name }) => name === "argv")).toBe(true);
+    expect(collector).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  } finally {
+    collector.mockRestore();
+  }
+});

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticChildProcesses.ts

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ import type {
   JavaScriptSemanticCallable,
   JavaScriptSemanticChildProcessInteraction,
   JavaScriptSemanticChildProcessSpawn,
+  JavaScriptSemanticReference,
 } from "./javascriptSemanticIr.js";
 import { createSemanticCallableIdStack } from "./javascriptSemanticCallableStack.js";
+import { createSemanticExpressionShapeResolver } from "./javascriptSemanticExpressionShapes.js";
 import {
   semanticStaticPropertyName,
+  staticObjectProperty,
   unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
 } from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
 import {
@@ -38,6 +41,10 @@ interface ChildProcessAnalysis {
   readonly childProcessInteractions: readonly JavaScriptSemanticChildProcessInteraction[];
 }
 
+type ChildSpawnContext = ReturnType<
+  typeof createSemanticExpressionShapeResolver
+>;
+
 interface SpawnCandidate {
   readonly node: t.CallExpression | t.OptionalCallExpression;
   readonly method: JavaScriptSemanticChildProcessSpawn["method"];
@@ -61,10 +68,12 @@ export const collectJavaScriptSemanticChildProcesses = (
   program: t.Program,
   state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
   callables: readonly JavaScriptSemanticCallable[],
+  references: readonly JavaScriptSemanticReference[],
 ): ChildProcessAnalysis => {
   const candidates = collectSpawns(program, state, callables);
+  const context = createSemanticExpressionShapeResolver(state, references);
   const childProcessSpawns = candidates.map((candidate) =>
-    immutableSpawn(candidate),
+    immutableSpawn(candidate, context),
   );
   return {
     childProcessSpawns,
@@ -126,8 +135,9 @@ const collectSpawns = (
 
 const immutableSpawn = (
   candidate: SpawnCandidate,
+  context: ChildSpawnContext,
 ): JavaScriptSemanticChildProcessSpawn => {
-  const options = spawnOptions(candidate);
+  const { options, argvCount } = spawnArguments(candidate, context);
   const command = dataEffectLiteralString(candidate.node.arguments[0]);
   return {
     processId: spawnId(candidate),
@@ -137,9 +147,9 @@ const immutableSpawn = (
     resultBindingId: candidate.resultBindingId,
     projectedResultBindings: candidate.projectedResultBindings,
     command,
-    argvCount: spawnArgvCount(candidate),
+    argvCount,
     environmentSupplied: objectHasProperty(options, "env"),
-    stdioMode: stdioMode(options),
+    stdioMode: stdioMode(options, candidate.method, context),
     resolution: command === null ? "partial" : "complete",
   };
 };
@@ -366,52 +376,73 @@ const resolveChildCandidates = (
     complete: complete && candidates.size === 1,
   };
 };
-const spawnOptions = (candidate: SpawnCandidate): t.ObjectExpression | null => {
+const spawnArguments = (
+  candidate: SpawnCandidate,
+  context: ChildSpawnContext,
+): {
+  readonly options: t.Node | undefined;
+  readonly argvCount: number | null;
+} => {
   const args = candidate.node.arguments;
-
-  const value =
-    candidate.method === "exec"
-      ? args[1]
-      : t.isObjectExpression(args[1])
-        ? args[1]
-        : args[2];
-
-  return t.isObjectExpression(value) ? value : null;
-};
-const spawnArgvCount = (candidate: SpawnCandidate): number | null => {
-  if (candidate.method === "exec") return null;
-  const args = candidate.node.arguments[1];
-  return t.isArrayExpression(args) &&
-    !args.elements.some((element) => t.isSpreadElement(element))
-    ? args.elements.length
-    : null;
+  if (t.isSpreadElement(args[0])) return { options: args[0], argvCount: null };
+  const second = args[1] && unwrapJavaScriptExpression(args[1]).node;
+  const third = args[2] && unwrapJavaScriptExpression(args[2]).node;
+  const expressionShape = context;
+  const argv =
+    candidate.method !== "exec" && t.isArrayExpression(second)
+      ? second
+      : undefined;
+  // Only a proven argv array or nullish placeholder admits third-slot options.
+  // Otherwise the second argument may itself be options, ignoring the third.
+  const options =
+    candidate.method === "exec" || second === undefined
+      ? second
+      : argv !== undefined ||
+          expressionShape.isArray(second) ||
+          expressionShape.isNullish(second)
+        ? third
+        : second;
+  return {
+    options,
+    argvCount:
+      argv !== undefined &&
+      !argv.elements.some((element) => t.isSpreadElement(element))
+        ? argv.elements.length
+        : null,
+  };
 };
 
-const objectHasProperty = (
-  object: t.ObjectExpression | null,
-  name: string,
-): boolean => objectProperty(object, name) !== null;
+const objectHasProperty = (object: t.Node | undefined, name: string): boolean =>
+  t.isObjectExpression(object) &&
+  object.properties.some(
+    (property) =>
+      !t.isSpreadElement(property) &&
+      semanticStaticPropertyName(property.key, property.computed) === name,
+  );
 
-const stdioMode = (options: t.ObjectExpression | null): string => {
-  const property = objectProperty(options, "stdio");
-  if (property === null || !t.isObjectProperty(property)) return "default";
-  if (t.isStringLiteral(property.value)) return property.value.value;
-  if (t.isArrayExpression(property.value)) return "array";
+const stdioMode = (
+  options: t.Node | undefined,
+  method: JavaScriptSemanticChildProcessSpawn["method"],
+  context: ChildSpawnContext,
+): string => {
+  if (options === undefined) return "default";
+  const expression = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(options).node;
+  if (
+    context.isNullish(expression) ||
+    ((method === "exec" || method === "execFile") &&
+      context.isCallback(expression))
+  )
+    return "default";
+  const lookup = staticObjectProperty(expression, "stdio", context.isNullish);
+  if (lookup.status === "missing") return "default";
+  if (lookup.status !== "explicit") return "dynamic";
+  const value = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(lookup.property.value).node;
+  if (context.isNullish(value)) return "default";
+  if (t.isStringLiteral(value)) return value.value;
+  if (t.isArrayExpression(value)) return "array";
   return "dynamic";
 };
 
-const objectProperty = (
-  object: t.ObjectExpression | null,
-  name: string,
-): t.ObjectMethod | t.ObjectProperty | null =>
-  object?.properties.find(
-    (property): property is t.ObjectMethod | t.ObjectProperty =>
-      (t.isObjectMethod(property) || t.isObjectProperty(property)) &&
-      // `{[env]: vars}` has a dynamic key; treating it as `env` would claim
-      // the caller supplied an environment when the real key is unknown.
-      semanticStaticPropertyName(property.key, property.computed) === name,
-  ) ?? null;
-
 const objectBinding = (
   node: t.Expression | t.Super,
   state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticDerivedAnalysis.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { collectJavaScriptSemanticDataEffects } from "./javascriptSemanticDataEf
 import type {
   JavaScriptSemanticCallable,
   JavaScriptSemanticIr,
+  JavaScriptSemanticReference,
 } from "./javascriptSemanticIr.js";
 import { collectJavaScriptSemanticPromises } from "./javascriptSemanticPromises.js";
 import { collectJavaScriptSemanticObjects } from "./javascriptSemanticObjects.js";
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ export function* collectJavaScriptDerivedSemanticsSteps(
   program: t.Program,
   state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
   callables: readonly JavaScriptSemanticCallable[],
+  references: readonly JavaScriptSemanticReference[],
   parserPartial: boolean,
 ): Generator<void, DerivedSemanticAnalysis> {
   const calls = collectJavaScriptSemanticCalls(program, state, callables);
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ export function* collectJavaScriptDerivedSemanticsSteps(
     program,
     state,
     callables,
+    references,
   );
   yield;
   const dataEffects = collectJavaScriptSemanticDataEffects(

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticExpressionShapes.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import * as t from "@babel/types";
+import { expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import {
+  analyzeParsedJavaScriptSemantics,
+  indexJavaScriptBindingsSteps,
+} from "./javascriptSemanticAnalysis.js";
+import { createSemanticExpressionShapeResolver } from "./javascriptSemanticExpressionShapes.js";
+import { collectSemanticReferences } from "./javascriptSemanticProjection.js";
+import { parseJavaScriptSource } from "./javascriptSourceParser.js";
+import {
+  completeSemanticSteps,
+  traverseJavaScriptAst,
+} from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
+
+it.each([
+  ["function f(){read(cb);function cb(){}}", ["callback"]],
+  ["function f(){const cb=()=>{};const alias=cb;read(alias)}", ["callback"]],
+  ["function f(cb){cb=()=>{};arguments[0]={};read(cb)}", ["unknown"]],
+  ["declare let erased:any;function f(){const a=[];read(a)}", ["unknown"]],
+  ["namespace X{};function f(){const a=[];read(a)}", ["unknown"]],
+  ["var a=[];(()=>{}).constructor('a={}')();read(a);", ["unknown"]],
+  ["let a=[];(()=>{}).constructor('a={}')();read(a);", ["unknown"]],
+  [
+    "read(null); read(void effect()); read(undefined);",
+    ["nullish", "nullish", "nullish"],
+  ],
+  ["function f(undefined){read(undefined)}", ["unknown"]],
+  ["const a=null; read(a);", ["unknown"]],
+  ["function f(a){a=null;arguments[0]={};read(a)}", ["unknown"]],
+  ["var a=null;Function('a={}');read(a);", ["unknown"]],
+  ["var a=null;frames.a={};read(a);", ["unknown"]],
+  ["function f(){const a=[];a.push(1);read(a);}", ["array"]],
+  ["function f(){const a=[];const saved=a;read(saved);}", ["array"]],
+  ["function f(){let a=[];eval('a={}');read(a)}", ["unknown"]],
+  ["function f(){eval('var undefined={}');read(undefined)}", ["unknown"]],
+  ["var a=[];Function('a={}');read(a);", ["unknown"]],
+  ["var a=[];frames.a={};read(a);", ["unknown"]],
+  ["let a; if(flag)a=[];read(a);", ["unknown"]],
+] as const)(
+  "bounds shape proofs without refining named nullish values: %s",
+  (source, expected) => {
+    const file = parseJavaScriptSource(source, "fixture.ts");
+    if (file === null) throw new Error("Expected valid source");
+    const state = completeSemanticSteps(
+      indexJavaScriptBindingsSteps(file.program),
+    );
+    const resolver = createSemanticExpressionShapeResolver(
+      state,
+      collectSemanticReferences(state.program, state),
+    );
+    const shapes: string[] = [];
+    traverseJavaScriptAst(file.program, {
+      enter(node) {
+        if (
+          !t.isCallExpression(node) ||
+          !t.isIdentifier(node.callee, { name: "read" })
+        )
+          return;
+        const arg = node.arguments[0];
+        if (arg === undefined) throw new Error("Expected read argument");
+        shapes.push(
+          resolver.isArray(arg)
+            ? "array"
+            : resolver.isCallback(arg)
+              ? "callback"
+              : resolver.isNullish(arg)
+                ? "nullish"
+                : "unknown",
+        );
+      },
+    });
+    expect(shapes).toEqual(expected);
+  },
+);
+
+it("bounds long callback aliases without invoking the shared callable resolver", () => {
+  const source = `export function run(){const cb=()=>{};
+    ${Array.from({ length: 4096 }, (_, i) => `const a${i}=${i === 0 ? "cb" : `a${i - 1}`};`).join("\n")}
+    read(a4095);read(a10);read(cb);}`;
+  const file = parseJavaScriptSource(source, "deep.mjs");
+  if (file === null) throw new Error("Expected valid deep source");
+  const state = completeSemanticSteps(
+    indexJavaScriptBindingsSteps(file.program),
+  );
+  const resolver = createSemanticExpressionShapeResolver(
+    state,
+    collectSemanticReferences(state.program, state),
+  );
+  const results: boolean[] = [];
+  traverseJavaScriptAst(file.program, {
+    enter(node) {
+      if (
+        t.isCallExpression(node) &&
+        t.isIdentifier(node.callee, { name: "read" })
+      )
+        results.push(resolver.isCallback(node.arguments[0]!));
+    },
+  });
+  expect(results).toEqual([false, true, true]);
+  expect(state.valueResourceLimits).toContain("expression-depth");
+});
+
+it.each([
+  ["fixture.cjs", "const argv=[];const done=()=>{};", ["inherit", "default"]],
+  ["fixture.cts", "const argv=[];const done=()=>{};", ["inherit", "default"]],
+  [
+    "fixture.cjs",
+    "var argv=[];{function argv(){}}const done=()=>{};",
+    ["dynamic", "default"],
+  ],
+  [
+    "fixture.mjs",
+    "var argv=[];{function argv(){}}const done=()=>{};",
+    ["inherit", "default"],
+  ],
+  ["fixture.js", "const argv=[];const done=()=>{};", ["dynamic", "dynamic"]],
+  [
+    "fixture.cjs",
+    "let argv=[];argv=input;const done=()=>{};",
+    ["dynamic", "default"],
+  ],
+  [
+    "fixture.cts",
+    "const argv=[];const done=()=>{};eval(input);",
+    ["dynamic", "dynamic"],
+  ],
+  [
+    "fixture.cts",
+    "namespace N{};const argv=[];const done=()=>{};",
+    ["dynamic", "dynamic"],
+  ],
+  [
+    "fixture.cjs",
+    "var module=[];const argv=module;const done=()=>{};const args=arguments;args[2]={};",
+    ["dynamic", "default"],
+  ],
+  [
+    "fixture.cts",
+    "const argv=[];function exports(){};const args=arguments;args[0]={};const done=exports;",
+    ["inherit", "dynamic"],
+  ],
+] as const)(
+  "distinguishes wrapper-local child identities and uncertain bindings: %s (%s)",
+  (path, declarations, expected) => {
+    const file = parseJavaScriptSource(
+      `
+      const {spawn,exec}=require("node:child_process");
+      ${declarations}
+      spawn("argv",argv,{stdio:"inherit"}); exec("callback",done);
+    `,
+      path,
+    );
+    if (file === null) throw new Error("Expected parsed source");
+    expect(
+      analyzeParsedJavaScriptSemantics(file).childProcessSpawns.map(
+        ({ stdioMode }) => stdioMode,
+      ),
+    ).toEqual(expected);
+  },
+);

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticExpressionShapes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import * as t from "@babel/types";
+
+import {
+  isNullishJavaScriptSyntax,
+  unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
+} from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
+import {
+  isErasedJavaScriptDeclaration,
+  isUnmodeledJavaScriptRuntimeScope,
+} from "./javascriptModuleDeclaration.js";
+import { semanticBindingAtRead } from "./javascriptSemanticMutationInitializers.js";
+import type { JavaScriptSemanticReference } from "./javascriptSemanticIr.js";
+import { SEMANTIC_EXPRESSION_DEPTH_LIMIT } from "./javascriptSemanticResourceLimits.js";
+import {
+  isUnshadowedGlobal,
+  resolveSemanticBindingState,
+  semanticStableInitializer,
+  type JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+} from "./javascriptSemanticState.js";
+import { traverseJavaScriptAst } from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
+import { javaScriptRuntimeContext } from "./javascriptSourceParser.js";
+
+type Shape = "array" | "callback" | "unknown";
+const commonJsWrapperParameterNames = new Set([
+  "exports",
+  "require",
+  "module",
+  "__filename",
+  "__dirname",
+]);
+
+/** Bounded child-argument identity only; never recover named object contents. */
+export const createSemanticExpressionShapeResolver = (
+  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+  references: readonly JavaScriptSemanticReference[],
+) => {
+  const hoistedFunction = (node: t.Node): boolean => {
+    const parent = state.parentsByNode.get(node);
+    return (
+      t.isFunctionDeclaration(node) &&
+      (t.isProgram(parent) ||
+        (t.isBlockStatement(parent) &&
+          t.isFunction(state.parentsByNode.get(parent))))
+    );
+  };
+  // Most modules have no named child arguments. Collect source-wide blockers
+  // only when a query actually needs a named binding or ambient undefined.
+  let blocked: boolean | undefined;
+  const blockFunctionNames = new Set<string>();
+  const namedProofBlocked = (): boolean => {
+    if (blocked !== undefined) return blocked;
+    blocked = references.some(({ name }) => name === "eval");
+    if (!blocked)
+      traverseJavaScriptAst(state.program, {
+        enter(node) {
+          blocked ||=
+            isErasedJavaScriptDeclaration(node) ||
+            isUnmodeledJavaScriptRuntimeScope(node);
+          if (
+            javaScriptRuntimeContext(state.program) !== "module" &&
+            t.isFunctionDeclaration(node) &&
+            node.id != null &&
+            !hoistedFunction(node)
+          )
+            blockFunctionNames.add(node.id.name);
+        },
+      });
+    return blocked;
+  };
+  const shape = (input: t.Node): Shape => {
+    const seen = new Set<t.Node>();
+    let node = input;
+    let depth = 0;
+    while (true) {
+      const unwrapped = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(node);
+      node = unwrapped.node;
+      depth += unwrapped.depth;
+      if (depth > SEMANTIC_EXPRESSION_DEPTH_LIMIT) {
+        state.valueResourceLimits.add("expression-depth");
+        return "unknown";
+      }
+      if (seen.has(node)) return "unknown";
+      seen.add(node);
+      if (t.isArrayExpression(node)) return "array";
+      if (t.isFunction(node) && !("declare" in node && node.declare))
+        return "callback";
+      if (!t.isIdentifier(node)) return "unknown";
+      const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(state, node, node.name);
+      if (binding === undefined || binding.referenceInitializers.length > 0)
+        return "unknown";
+      if (state.scopesById.get(binding.scopeId)?.kind === "program") {
+        const context = javaScriptRuntimeContext(state.program);
+        // Unknown scripts expose globals; wrapper parameters can alias arguments.
+        // Neither environment has a proven stable local initializer here.
+        if (
+          context === "unknown" ||
+          (context === "commonjs" &&
+            commonJsWrapperParameterNames.has(binding.name))
+        )
+          return "unknown";
+      }
+      // Annex B may copy a block function into an outer var without an indexed
+      // assignment. Keep same-named vars unknown rather than model that copy.
+      if (
+        namedProofBlocked() ||
+        (binding.declarationKinds.has("var") &&
+          blockFunctionNames.has(binding.name))
+      )
+        return "unknown";
+      const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+      if (initializer === undefined || initializer.projection.length > 0)
+        return "unknown";
+      const read = semanticBindingAtRead(binding, node, state.parentsByNode);
+      // Hoisted function declarations are the only accepted unordered source.
+      if (
+        !hoistedFunction(initializer.node) &&
+        (read.status !== "ordered" || !read.hasDefiniteInitializer)
+      )
+        return "unknown";
+      node = initializer.node;
+      depth++;
+    }
+  };
+  return {
+    isArray: (node: t.Node) => shape(node) === "array",
+    isCallback: (node: t.Node) => shape(node) === "callback",
+    isNullish: (input: t.Node) => {
+      const { node } = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(input);
+      return (
+        isNullishJavaScriptSyntax(node) ||
+        (isUnshadowedGlobal(node, state, "undefined") && !namedProofBlocked())
+      );
+    },
+  };
+};

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSourceParser.test.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,53 @@
 import { expect, it } from "vitest";
+import * as t from "@babel/types";
 
-import { parseJavaScriptSource } from "./javascriptSourceParser.js";
+import {
+  parseJavaScriptSource,
+  parseRecoveredJavaScript,
+  parserPluginsForPath,
+  javaScriptRuntimeContext,
+} from "./javascriptSourceParser.js";
 import { analyzeParsedJavaScriptStaticSource } from "./javascriptStaticAnalysis.js";
 
+it.each([
+  ['import type {T} from "example";', "fixture.cts", "commonjs"],
+  ['import type {T} from "example";', "fixture.mts", "module"],
+  ['import type {T} from "example";', "fixture.ts", "unknown"],
+  ['import cp = require("node:child_process");', "fixture.ts", "module"],
+  ['import type cp = require("node:child_process");', "fixture.ts", "unknown"],
+  ["const value=[]; export = value;", "fixture.ts", "commonjs"],
+  ['export type {T} from "example";', "fixture.ts", "unknown"],
+  ['import {type T} from "example";', "fixture.ts", "unknown"],
+  ['export {type T} from "example";', "fixture.ts", "unknown"],
+  ["export declare const value: unknown;", "fixture.ts", "unknown"],
+  ["export default function f(): void;", "fixture.ts", "unknown"],
+  ["export default interface I {}", "fixture.ts", "unknown"],
+  ["export default function f() {}", "fixture.ts", "module"],
+  ["export default class C {}", "fixture.ts", "module"],
+  ['import {} from "example";', "fixture.js", "module"],
+  ['import {} from "example";', "fixture.cjs", "commonjs"],
+  ["export {};", "fixture.ts", "module"],
+  ["const value = 1;", "fixture.mjs", "module"],
+  ["const value = 1;", "fixture.js", "unknown"],
+  ["const value = 1;", "fixture.cjs", "commonjs"],
+  ["const value = 1;", "fixture.cts", "commonjs"],
+  ["declare const value: unknown;", "fixture.d.cts", "unknown"],
+] as const)(
+  "keeps runtime context consistent across parser entries: %s (%s)",
+  (source, path, context) => {
+    const parsed = parseJavaScriptSource(source, path);
+    if (parsed === null) throw new Error("Expected parsed source");
+    const recovered = parseRecoveredJavaScript(source, path, {
+      plugins: parserPluginsForPath(path),
+    }).file;
+    expect(javaScriptRuntimeContext(parsed.program)).toBe(context);
+    expect(javaScriptRuntimeContext(recovered.program)).toBe(context);
+    expect(javaScriptRuntimeContext(t.cloneNode(parsed.program, true))).toBe(
+      "unknown",
+    );
+  },
+);
+
 const analyze = (source: string, path: string) => {
   const parsed = parseJavaScriptSource(source, path);
   return parsed === null

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSourceParser.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,79 @@
 import { parse, type ParserOptions, type ParserPlugin } from "@babel/parser";
+import * as t from "@babel/types";
+import {
+  hasOnlyInlineTypeExportSpecifiers,
+  hasOnlyInlineTypeImportSpecifiers,
+  isTypeOnlyExportDeclaration,
+  isTypeOnlyImportDeclaration,
+  isErasedJavaScriptDeclaration,
+  semanticImportEqualsSpecifier,
+} from "./javascriptModuleDeclaration.js";
 
 /** Babel AST produced by REA's inert JavaScript parser boundary. */
 export type ParsedJavaScriptSource = ReturnType<typeof parse>;
 
+// Babel's module classification includes erased TypeScript syntax. Keep the
+// runtime proof separate, including explicit filename mode, for every parser entry.
+type JavaScriptRuntimeContext = "module" | "commonjs" | "unknown";
+const runtimeContextByProgram = new WeakMap<
+  t.Program,
+  JavaScriptRuntimeContext
+>();
+
+/** Only parser-owned facts establish module or CommonJS wrapper isolation. */
+export const javaScriptRuntimeContext = (
+  program: t.Program,
+): JavaScriptRuntimeContext =>
+  runtimeContextByProgram.get(program) ?? "unknown";
+
+const hasRuntimeModuleDeclaration = (program: t.Program): boolean =>
+  program.body.some((node) => {
+    if (t.isTSImportEqualsDeclaration(node))
+      return semanticImportEqualsSpecifier(node) !== null;
+    if (t.isImportDeclaration(node))
+      return (
+        !isTypeOnlyImportDeclaration(node) &&
+        !hasOnlyInlineTypeImportSpecifiers(node)
+      );
+    if (t.isExportNamedDeclaration(node) || t.isExportAllDeclaration(node))
+      return (
+        !isTypeOnlyExportDeclaration(node) &&
+        (!t.isExportNamedDeclaration(node) ||
+          (!hasOnlyInlineTypeExportSpecifiers(node) &&
+            (node.declaration == null ||
+              !isErasedJavaScriptDeclaration(node.declaration))))
+      );
+    return (
+      t.isExportDefaultDeclaration(node) &&
+      !isErasedJavaScriptDeclaration(node.declaration)
+    );
+  });
+
+const parseWithRuntimeContext = (
+  source: string,
+  sourcePath: string | undefined,
+  options: ParserOptions,
+): ParsedJavaScriptSource => {
+  const file = parse(source, options);
+  runtimeContextByProgram.set(
+    file.program,
+    /\.c[jt]s$/iu.test(sourcePath ?? "")
+      ? /\.d\.cts$/iu.test(sourcePath ?? "")
+        ? "unknown"
+        : "commonjs"
+      : isExplicitModuleSourcePath(sourcePath)
+        ? "module"
+        : file.program.body.some((node) => t.isTSExportAssignment(node))
+          ? // CommonJS isolation does not establish strict ESM semantics.
+            "commonjs"
+          : file.program.sourceType === "module" &&
+              hasRuntimeModuleDeclaration(file.program)
+            ? "module"
+            : "unknown",
+  );
+  return file;
+};
+
 /**
  * Babel plugins for one source path. Single owner for TypeScript/JSX
  * mode selection (tsc + Babel `typescript` plugin semantics).
@@ -82,7 +153,7 @@ export const parseRecoveredJavaScript = (
       delete normalizedOptions.allowNewTargetOutsideFunction;
     }
     return {
-      file: parse(source, {
+      file: parseWithRuntimeContext(source, sourcePath, {
         ...normalizedOptions,
         sourceType,
         errorRecovery: true,
@@ -90,14 +161,14 @@ export const parseRecoveredJavaScript = (
       moduleOnlyErrors: [],
     };
   }
-  const file = parse(source, {
+  const file = parseWithRuntimeContext(source, sourcePath, {
     ...options,
     sourceType: "unambiguous",
     errorRecovery: true,
   });
   if (file.program.sourceType !== "script" || file.errors.length === 0)
     return { file, moduleOnlyErrors: [] };
-  const script = parse(source, {
+  const script = parseWithRuntimeContext(source, sourcePath, {
     ...options,
     sourceType: "script",
     errorRecovery: true,
@@ -124,7 +195,7 @@ export const parseJavaScriptSource = (
       attachComment: false,
       plugins: parserPluginsForPath(sourcePath),
     };
-    const file = parse(source, {
+    const file = parseWithRuntimeContext(source, sourcePath, {
       ...options,
       // Inert artifact analysis retains module declarations even in .cjs assets.
       // Infer their syntax here; reference imports keep filename-mode diagnostics.
@@ -137,7 +208,10 @@ export const parseJavaScriptSource = (
     return commonjs &&
       file.program.sourceType === "script" &&
       file.errors.length > 0
-      ? parse(source, { ...options, sourceType: "commonjs" })
+      ? parseWithRuntimeContext(source, sourcePath, {
+          ...options,
+          sourceType: "commonjs",
+        })
       : file;
   } catch (cause: unknown) {
     // Unparseable source is represented by the null return.

tests/acceptance/applications/javascriptChildProcessStdioCli.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+import { expect } from "vitest";
+
+import { createTestTempDirectory } from "../../fixtures/temporaryDirectory.js";
+import { cliTest } from "../../support/cli/cliFixture.js";
+import { analyzeJavaScriptDirectory } from "../../support/cli/javascriptApplication.js";
+import { writeFixtureFiles } from "../../support/javascriptApplicationFixture.js";
+
+// Each row covers one ownership, overload or uncertainty boundary. Both public
+// adapters read the same inert fixture; no Cartesian product of equivalent calls.
+const cases = [
+  [
+    'spawn("duplicate", [], {stdio:"pipe",stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "duplicate",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  ['spawn("control", [], {stdio:"inherit"})', "control", "inherit", 0],
+  [
+    'spawn("spread-after", [], {stdio:"pipe",...input})',
+    "spread-after",
+    "dynamic",
+    0,
+  ],
+  ['spawn("unknown-options", [], input)', "unknown-options", "dynamic", 0],
+  [
+    'spawn("spread-before", [], {...input,stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "spread-before",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("null-spreads", [], {stdio:"inherit",...null,...undefined,...void effect()})',
+    "null-spreads",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("computed", [], {stdio:"inherit",[key]:1})',
+    "computed",
+    "dynamic",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("coerced-keys", [], {stdio:"inherit",[true]:1,[null]:1,[-1]:1,[+(1 as number)]:1})',
+    "coerced-keys",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("void-key", [], {stdio:"inherit",[void effect()]:1})',
+    "void-key",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("primitive-spreads", [], {stdio:"inherit",...false,...42,...1n})',
+    "primitive-spreads",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("inline-empty", [], {stdio:"inherit",...{}})',
+    "inline-empty",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("inline-final", [], {stdio:"pipe",...{...{stdio:"ignore",stdio:"inherit"}}})',
+    "inline-final",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("inline-getter", [], {stdio:"ignore",...{get other(){this.stdio="pipe";return 0},stdio:"inherit"}})',
+    "inline-getter",
+    "dynamic",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("inline-helper", [], {stdio:"inherit",...{...{helper(){}}}})',
+    "inline-helper",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("inline-unknown", [], {stdio:"inherit",...{...input}})',
+    "inline-unknown",
+    "dynamic",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("getter", [], {stdio:"inherit",get stdio(){return input}})',
+    "getter",
+    "dynamic",
+    0,
+  ],
+  ['spawn("method", [], {stdio:"inherit",stdio(){}})', "method", "dynamic", 0],
+  [
+    'spawn("array-stdio", [], {stdio:["pipe",input]})',
+    "array-stdio",
+    "array",
+    0,
+  ],
+  ['spawn("missing-stdio", [])', "missing-stdio", "default", 0],
+  ['exec("null-stdio", {stdio:null})', "null-stdio", "default", null],
+  [
+    'execFile("undefined-options", [], undefined)',
+    "undefined-options",
+    "default",
+    0,
+  ],
+  ['fork("void-options", [], void effect())', "void-options", "default", 0],
+  [
+    'spawn("options-only", {stdio:"inherit"}, {stdio:null})',
+    "options-only",
+    "inherit",
+    null,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("ambiguous-slot", input, {stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "ambiguous-slot",
+    "dynamic",
+    null,
+  ],
+  [
+    'fork("nullish-slot", null, {stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "nullish-slot",
+    "inherit",
+    null,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("wrapped-argv", ([] as string[])!, {stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "wrapped-argv",
+    "inherit",
+    0,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("named-argv", argv, {env:{A:"1"},stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "named-argv",
+    "inherit",
+    null,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("captured-argv", captured, {stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "captured-argv",
+    "dynamic",
+    null,
+  ],
+  [
+    'spawn("spread-argv", ["a",...input], {stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "spread-argv",
+    "inherit",
+    null,
+  ],
+  ['spawn("fixed-argv", ["a"], {stdio:"inherit"})', "fixed-argv", "inherit", 1],
+  [
+    'spawn("spread-slot", ...input, {stdio:"inherit"})',
+    "spread-slot",
+    "dynamic",
+    null,
+  ],
+  ['spawn(...input, [], {stdio:"inherit"})', null, "dynamic", null],
+  ['exec("named-callback", done)', "named-callback", "default", null],
+  ['execFile("callback-alias", [], callback)', "callback-alias", "default", 0],
+  ['exec("imported-callback", imported)', "imported-callback", "dynamic", null],
+  [
+    'exec("reassigned-callback", changed)',
+    "reassigned-callback",
+    "dynamic",
+    null,
+  ],
+  ['spawn("named-nullish", [], {stdio:absent})', "named-nullish", "dynamic", 0],
+  [
+    'spawn("named-null-spread", [], {stdio:"inherit",...absent})',
+    "named-null-spread",
+    "dynamic",
+    0,
+  ],
+] as const;
+
+const annexBSource = `
+  const {execFile}=require("node:child_process");
+  var argv=[]; {function argv(){}}
+  execFile("annex-b-argv",argv,{stdio:"inherit"});
+  function run(){
+    var args=[]; switch(input){case 0:function args(){}}
+    execFile("annex-b-local",args,{stdio:"inherit"});
+  }
+  var stable=[]; function done(){}
+  execFile("cjs-var-argv",stable,{stdio:"inherit"});
+  execFile("cjs-hoisted-callback",done);
+`;
+
+const importEqualsSource = `
+  import cp = require("node:child_process");
+  const argv=[]; function done(){}
+  cp.spawn("import-equals-argv",argv,{stdio:"inherit"});
+  cp.exec("import-equals-callback",done);
+`;
+
+const exportAssignmentSource = `
+  const {spawn,execFile}=require("node:child_process");
+  const argv=[]; spawn("export-assignment-argv",argv,{stdio:"inherit"});
+  var args=[]; {function args(){}}
+  execFile("export-assignment-annex",args,{stdio:"inherit"});
+  export = argv;
+`;
+
+cliTest.for(["CLI", "stdio MCP"] as const)(
+  "preserves effective stdio, overloads and explicit unknowns through %s",
+  async (surface, { cli }) => {
+    const root = await createTestTempDirectory("rea-child-stdio-");
+    await writeFixtureFiles(root, {
+      "entry.ts": `
+        import {spawn,exec,execFile,fork} from "node:child_process";
+        import {done as imported} from "./external.mjs";
+        throw new Error("static fixture must never execute");
+        function done(){}
+        const captured=[]; const absent=null;
+        function run(input,key){
+          const callback=done; const argv=[];
+          let changed=()=>{}; changed=input;
+          ${cases.map(([source]) => `${source};`).join("\n")}
+        }
+      `,
+      "external.mjs": "export function done(){}",
+      "globals.js": `
+        const {spawn,exec}=require("node:child_process");
+        var argv=[];(()=>{}).constructor("argv={stdio:'inherit'}")();
+        spawn("constructed-argv",argv,{stdio:"pipe"});
+        let done=()=>{};(()=>{}).constructor("done={stdio:'inherit'}")();
+        exec("constructed-callback",done);
+      `,
+      "wrapper.cjs": `
+        const {spawn,exec}=require("node:child_process");
+        const argv=[]; const done=()=>{};
+        spawn("cjs-argv",argv,{stdio:"inherit"});exec("cjs-callback",done);
+        var module=[]; const args=arguments; args[2]={stdio:"inherit"};
+        spawn("cjs-wrapper-argv",module,{stdio:"pipe"});
+        function exports(){}; args[0]={stdio:"inherit"};
+        exec("cjs-wrapper-callback",exports);
+      `,
+      "wrapper.cts": `
+        const {spawn,exec}=require("node:child_process");
+        const argv: string[]=[]; const done=()=>{};
+        spawn("cts-argv",argv,{stdio:"inherit"});exec("cts-callback",done);
+      `,
+      "annex-b.cjs": annexBSource,
+      "import-equals.ts": importEqualsSource,
+      "export-assignment.ts": exportAssignmentSource,
+      "parameters.cjs": `
+        const {exec}=require("node:child_process");
+        function mapped(cb){cb=()=>{};arguments[0]={stdio:'inherit'};exec("mapped-callback",cb)}
+      `,
+      "exposed.cjs": `
+        const {spawn,exec}=require("node:child_process");
+        var mode=null; Function("mode='inherit'")();
+        spawn("Function-global",[],{stdio:mode});
+        var frameMode=null; frames.frameMode='inherit';
+        spawn("frames-global",[],{stdio:frameMode});
+        function mapped(mode){mode=null;arguments[0]='inherit';spawn("mapped-arguments",[],{stdio:mode})}
+        function exposed(options){let done=()=>{};eval("done=options");exec("eval-callback",done)}
+        function shadowed(undefined){spawn("shadowed-undefined",[],{stdio:"inherit",...undefined})}
+      `,
+    });
+    const graph = (await analyzeJavaScriptDirectory(surface, cli, root))
+      .semantic_graph;
+    const expected = new Map<string | null, readonly [string, number | null]>(
+      cases.map(([, command, mode, count]) => [command, [mode, count]]),
+    );
+    for (const extension of ["cjs", "cts"]) {
+      expected.set(`${extension}-argv`, ["inherit", null]);
+      expected.set(`${extension}-callback`, ["default", null]);
+    }
+    expected.set("cjs-var-argv", ["inherit", null]);
+    expected.set("cjs-hoisted-callback", ["default", null]);
+    expected.set("import-equals-argv", ["inherit", null]);
+    expected.set("import-equals-callback", ["default", null]);
+    expected.set("export-assignment-argv", ["inherit", null]);
+    for (const [command, count] of [
+      ["Function-global", 0],
+      ["frames-global", 0],
+      ["mapped-arguments", 0],
+      ["eval-callback", null],
+      ["shadowed-undefined", 0],
+      ["constructed-argv", null],
+      ["constructed-callback", null],
+      ["mapped-callback", null],
+      ["cjs-wrapper-argv", null],
+      ["cjs-wrapper-callback", null],
+      ["annex-b-argv", null],
+      ["annex-b-local", null],
+      ["export-assignment-annex", null],
+    ] as const)
+      expected.set(command, ["dynamic", count]);
+    const children = graph.nodes.filter(
+      (node) => node.kind === "child-process",
+    );
+    expect(children).toHaveLength(expected.size);
+    expect(children.map((child) => child.properties.command).sort()).toEqual(
+      [...expected.keys()].sort(),
+    );
+    const nodes = new Map(graph.nodes.map((node) => [node.node_id, node]));
+    for (const child of children) {
+      const command = child.properties.command as string | null;
+      const entry = expected.get(command);
+      if (entry === undefined) throw new Error(`Unexpected child ${command}`);
+      const [mode, count] = entry;
+      expect(child.properties.stdio_mode, String(command)).toBe(mode);
+      expect(child.properties.argv_count, String(command)).toBe(count);
+      expect(child.properties.environment_supplied, String(command)).toBe(
+        command === "named-argv",
+      );
+      expect(child.identity.source_range).not.toBeNull();
+      const stdio = graph.relations.filter(
+        (relation) =>
+          relation.relation === "connects-stdio" &&
+          relation.source_node_id === child.node_id,
+      );
+      expect(stdio, String(command)).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(stdio[0]?.resolution).toBe(
+        mode === "dynamic" ? "candidate" : "resolved",
+      );
+      expect(nodes.get(stdio[0]!.target_node_id)).toMatchObject({
+        kind: "stdio",
+        properties: { mode },
+      });
+      const unknowns = graph.unknowns.filter(
+        (unknown) =>
+          unknown.node_id === child.node_id &&
+          unknown.family === "child-process" &&
+          unknown.relation_kinds.includes("connects-stdio"),
+      );
+      expect(unknowns, String(command)).toHaveLength(
+        mode === "dynamic" ? 1 : 0,
+      );
+      if (mode === "dynamic")
+        expect(unknowns[0]).toMatchObject({ reason: "unknown-value" });
+      expect(
+        graph.relations.filter(
+          (relation) =>
+            relation.relation === "supplies-env" &&
+            relation.target_node_id === child.node_id,
+        ),
+      ).toHaveLength(command === "named-argv" ? 1 : 0);
+      expect(
+        graph.relations.filter(
+          (relation) =>
+            relation.relation === "supplies-argv" &&
+            relation.target_node_id === child.node_id,
+        ),
+      ).toHaveLength(count === null ? 0 : 1);
+    }
+    for (const relation of graph.relations) {
+      expect(nodes.has(relation.source_node_id)).toBe(true);
+      expect(nodes.has(relation.target_node_id)).toBe(true);
+    }
+  },
+);

tests/boundary/filesystem/referenceSourceShadowedRequire.test.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import { importReferenceSource } from "../../support/referenceSourceResourceScop
 it("resolves require calls by lexical binding and source mode", async () => {
   const root = await createTestTempDirectory("rea-reference-require-scope-");
   const sources: Record<string, string> = {
+    "global-wrapper.cjs":
+      "globalThis; console.log(require.resolve('./loaded.cjs'));",
     "parameter.cjs": [
       "function load(require) { return require('./throwing.cjs'); }",
       "console.log(load(() => 'local'));",
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@ it("resolves require calls by lexical binding and source mode", async () => {
       .sort((left, right) => (left[0] ?? "").localeCompare(right[0] ?? "")),
   ).toEqual([
     ["create-require-esm.mjs", "loaded.cjs"],
+    ["global-wrapper.cjs", "loaded.cjs"],
     ["nested.cjs", "loaded.cjs"],
     ["top-level-var.cjs", "loaded.cjs"],
   ]);